Handbook of Solvents - George Wypych - ChemTech - Ventech!

924 Phillip J. Wakelyn, Peter J. Wan
ease-of-use (i.e., no specialty processing hardware required and with low retrofitting costs),
and acceptable product quality continue to be the principle factors used to choose a solvent
for oil extraction, in recent years environmental concerns and health risk have become increasingly
important criteria to be considered in selecting an oil extraction solvent.
This chapter presents information on solvents for extracting oilseeds and other biological
materials for oils, fats, and other materials.
14.10.2 REGULATORY CONCERNS
Many workplace, environmental, food safety, and other regulations (see Tables 14.10.1 and
14.10.2 for summary information on U.S. laws and regulations) apply to the use of solvents
for the extraction of oilseeds and other diverse biological materials. Some solvent may have
fewer workplace and environmental regulatory requirements; offer benefits, such as an improved
product quality and energy efficiency; 7 as well as other advantages, such as the ability
to remove undesirable (e.g., gossypol from cottonseed) and desirable (e.g., vitamin E,
tocopherols, lecithins, phytosterols, and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) constituents
of oilseeds and other biological materials more selectively. Some of the regulations required
in the United States are discussed. Many other countries have similar requirements,
but if they do not, it would be prudent to consider meeting these regulations in solvent extraction
and to have environmental, health and safety, and quality management programs.
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Table 14.10.1. U.S. Worker health and safety laws and regulations
Laws:
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA) (PL 91-596 as amended by
PL 101 552; 29 U.S. Code 651 et. seq.)
OSHA Health Standards:
Air Contaminants Rule, 29 CFR 1910.1000
Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200
OSHA Safety Standards:
Process Safety Management, 29 CFR 1910.119
Emergency Action Plan, 29 CFR 1910.38(a)(1)
Fire Prevention Plan, 29 CFR 1910.38(b)(1)
Fire Brigades, 29 CFR 1910.156
Personal Protection Equipment (General Requirements 29 CFR 1910.132; eye and
face protection, .133; respiratory protection, .134)
Table 14.10.2. U.S. Environmental laws and regulations
Law or Regulation Purpose
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
(established 1970)
To protect human health and welfare and the environment
Clean Air Act (CAA)
(42 U.S. Code 7401 et seq.)
To protect the public health and welfare. Provides EPA with
the authority to set NAAQS, to control emissions from new
stationary sources, and to control HAP.
Federal Water Pollution Control Act
(known as the Clean Water Act) (CWA) (33
U.S. Code 1251 et seq.)
The major law protecting the “chemical, physical and biological
integrity of the nation’s waters." Allows the EPA to establish
federal Limits on the amounts of specific Pollutants
that can be released by municipal and industrial facilities.