Handbook of Solvents - George Wypych - ChemTech - Ventech!

Table of contents xxiii
21.4.1.3 Process technology ................................1498
21.4.1.4 Risks .......................................1499
21.4.1.5 Competition ...................................1500
21.4.2 Wet cleaning ...................................1501
21.4.2.1 Kreussler textile cleaning system. ........................1501
21.4.2.2 Possibilities ....................................1503
21.4.2.3 Limitations ....................................1504
21.4.2.4 Adapting to working practices ..........................1504
21.4.3 Future .......................................1505
22 SOLVENT RECYCLING, REMOVAL, AND DEGRADATION. .....1507
22.1 Absorptive solvent recovery ...........................1507
KLAUS-DIRK HENNING
22.1.1 Introduction. ...................................1507
22.1.2 Basic principles. .................................1509
22.1.2.1 Fundamentals of adsorption ...........................1509
22.1.2.2 Adsorption capacity ...............................1510
22.1.2.3 Dynamic adsorption in adsorber beds ......................1511
22.1.2.4 Regeneration of the loaded adsorbents ......................1512
22.1.3 Commercially available adsorbents .......................1513
22.1.3.1 Activated carbon .................................1513
22.1.3.2 Molecular sieve zeolites .............................1514
22.1.3.3 Polymeric adsorbents. ..............................1515
22.1.4 Adsorptive solvent recovery systems. ......................1515
22.1.4.1 Basic arrangement of adsorptive solvent recovery with steam desorption. ...1515
22.1.4.2 Designing solvent recovery systems .......................1518
22.1.4.2.1 Design basis ...................................1518
22.1.4.2.2 Adsorber types ..................................1519
22.1.4.2.3 Regeneration ...................................1521
22.1.4.2.4 Safety requirements ...............................1522
22.1.4.3 Special process conditions ............................1523
22.1.4.3.1 Selection of the adsorbent ............................1523
22.1.4.3.2 Air velocity and pressure drop ..........................1526
22.1.4.3.3 Effects of solvent-concentration, adsorption temperature and pressure .....1526
22.1.4.3.4 Influence of humidity. ..............................1528
22.1.4.3.5 Interactions between solvents and activated carbon ...............1529
22.1.4.3.6 Activated carbon service life ...........................1531
22.1.5 Examples from different industries. .......................1531
22.1.5.1 Rotogravure printing shops. ...........................1531
22.1.5.2 Packaging printing industry ...........................1532
22.1.5.2.1 Fixed bed adsorption with circulating hot gas desorption ............1533
22.1.5.2.2 Solvent recovery with adsorption wheels ....................1535
22.1.5.3 Viscose industry .................................1535
22.1.5.4 Refrigerator recycling ..............................1539
22.1.5.5 Petrochemical industry and tank farms. .....................1539
22.1.5.6 Chemical industry ................................1541
22.2 Solvent recovery .................................1543
ISAO KIMURA
22.2.1 Activated carbon in fluidized bed adsorption method ..............1543
22.2.2 Application of molecular sieves .........................1544
22.2.3 Continuous process for air cleaning using macroporous particles as
adsorption agents .................................1546
22.2.4 Solvent recovery from hazardous wastes. ....................1548
22.2.5 Halogenated solvent recovery ..........................1549
22.2.5.1 Coating process. .................................1549
22.2.5.2 Tableting process of pharmaceutical products ..................1552
22.2.6 Energy recovery from waste solvent .......................1553
22.3 Solvent treatment in a paints and coating plant .................1555