Handbook of Solvents - George Wypych - ChemTech - Ventech!

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1182 J Devillers, A Chezeau, A Cicolella, E Thybaud Crustacea Species Results Comments Ref. Daphnia magna Orconectes immunis 48-h LC50 = 4670 mg/l (3620 - 6010), 48-h LC50 = 3340 mg/l (2120 - 5280) 96-h LC50 = 34700 mg/l (29100 - 41400) static, 21.1°C, measured concentrations static, 23.3°C, measured concentrations flow-through, 15.5°C, 0.47 g, measured concentrations Artemia salina 24-h TLm >10000 mg/l static, 24.5°C 10 Insecta Tanytarsus dissimilis 48-h LC50 = 18800 mg/l Echinodermata Fish Arbacia punctulata Oncorhynchus mykiss Carassius auratus Gambusia affinis 4-h EC50 = 10661 mg/l (5576.5 - 20895.9) 1-h EC50 = 3370 mg/l (3145.4 - 3610.8) 5-h EC50 = 4116 mg/l (3408 - 4907) 96-h LC50 = 13400 mg/l (11400 - 15700) 24-h TLm >5000 mg/l 96-h LC50 = 20800 mg/l (15700 - 27500) 96-h LC50 = 15200 mg/l (12400 - 18700) 96-h LC50 = 12900 mg/l (11100 - 15000) Ictalurus punctatus 96-h LC50 = 6010 mg/l Lepomis macrochirus Pimephales promelas 96-h LC50 >10000 mg/l 96-h LC50 = 21400 mg/l (19100 - 23900) 96-h LC50 = 13900 mg/l (11600 - 16700) 96-h LC50 = 9650 mg/l (7910 - 11800) Menidia beryllina 96-h LC50 >10000 mg/l Amphibia Rana catesbeiana Diethylene glycol diethyl ether [112-36-7] 96-h LC50 = 20900 mg/l (19400 -22600) Fungi Cladosporium resinae 42-d NG = 20% static, 22.3°C, measured concentrations static, marine, early embryo growth, nominal concentrations static, marine, sperm cell, nominal concentrations static, marine, increase in DNA, nominal concentrations flow-through, 14.9°C, 0.68 g, measured concentrations static, 20 ± 1°C, measured concentrations flow-through, 20.1°C, 0.92 g, measured concentrations flow-through, 18.3°C, 0.23 g, measured concentrations flow-through, 19.9°C, 0.25 g, measured concentrations flow-through, 17.3°C, 0.72 g, measured concentrations static, nominal concentrations, L = 33-75 mm flow-through, 18.3°C, 0.44 g, measured concentrations flow-through, 24.8°C, 1.44 g, measured concentrations flow-through, 18.1°C, 0.35 g, measured concentrations static, sea water, nominal concentrations, L = 40-100 mm flow-through, 17.2°C, 3.54 g, measured concentrations NG = no visible mycelial growth and spore germination, 1% glucose-mineral salts medium, 30°C 48 48 48 47 47 49 48 34 48 48 48 39 48 48 39 48 27
17.3 Environmental fate of glycol ethers 1183 Species Results Comments Ref. Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether [112-34-5] Bacteria Pseudomonas putida Blue-green algae Algae 16-h TGK = 255 mg/l 16-h EC10 = 1170 mg/l Microcystis aeruginosa 8-d TGK = 53 mg/l Scenedesmus quadricauda Scenedesmus subspicatus 8-d TGK = 1000 mg/l Fungi Cladosporium resinae 42-d NG = 5% Protozoa Chilomonas paramaecium toxicity threshold, inhibition of cell multiplication growth inhibition, 25 ± 2°C toxicity threshold, inhibition of cell multiplication toxicity threshold, inhibition of cell multiplication 96-h EC50 > 100 mg/l limit test 50 48-h TGK = 2774 mg/l Uronema parduczi 20-h TGK = 420 mg/l Entosiphon sulcatum 72-h TGK = 73 mg/l Crustacea Daphnia magna Fish 24-h LC50 = 2850 mg/l, 24-h LC0 = 1750 mg/l, 24-h LC100 = 3850 mg/l 24-h EC50 = 3200 mg/l (2990-3424), 24-h EC0 = 2333 mg/l, 24-h EC100 = 5000 mg/l 48-h EC50 >100 mg/l 48-h NOEC >100 mg/l Carassius auratus 24-h TLm = 2700 mg/l Leuciscus idus melanotus 48-h LC50 = 1805 mg/l, 48-h LC0 = 1140 mg/l, 48-h LC100 = 2185 mg/l 48-h LC50 = 2304 mg/l, 48-h LC0 = 1820 mg/l, 48-h LC100 = 2400 mg/l 48-h LC50 = 2750 mg/l NG = no visible mycelial growth and spore germination, 1% glucose-mineral salts medium, 30°C toxicity threshold, inhibition of cell multiplication toxicity threshold, inhibition of cell multiplication toxicity threshold, inhibition of cell multiplication static, nominal concentrations static, nominal concentrations, immobilization directive 84/449/ EEC, C2 static, 20 ± 1°C, measured concentrations static (Juhnke) static (Lüdemann) static Poecilia reticulata 7-d LC50 = 1149 mg/l semi-static, 22±1°C, rounded value 38 Lepomis macrochirus 96-h LC50 = 1300 mg/l Menidia beryllina 96-h LC50 = 2000 mg/l static, nominal concentrations, L = 33-75 mm static, sea water, nominal concentrations, L = 40-100 mm 24 50 26 26 27 28 29 30 32 33 16 34 35 35 16 39 39
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HANDBOOK OF SOLVENTS George Wypych,
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Preface Although the chemical indus
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Preface xxix contain or to have use
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1654 Acknowledgments 10.3 Solvent e
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Table of Contents Preface .........
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Table of contents iii 4.3 Polar sol
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Table of contents v 7.2.1.1 Rheolog
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Table of contents vii 9.4.4 Solvent
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Table of contents ix 12.2.2.1 Chemi
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Table of contents xi 14.4.3.1 Intro
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Table of contents xiii 14.19 Paints
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Table of contents xv 15.1.20 Gas ch
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Table of contents xvii 17.2.2 Movem
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Table of contents xix 18.4.7 Dry cl
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Table of contents xxi 20.7.1 Introd
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Table of contents xxiii 21.4.1.3 Pr
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Table of contents xxv 23.2.1.3 Sour
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2 Christian Reichardt aliphatic nit
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4 Christian Reichardt the knowledge
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2 Fundamental Principles Governing
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2.1 Solvent effects on chemical sys
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2.2 Molecular design of solvents 37
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2.3 Basic physical and chemical pro
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66 George Wypych Aprotic/Protic Ter
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68 George Wypych Biodegradability T
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70 George Wypych Figure 3.2.1. Sche
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72 George Wypych Figure 3.3.4. Simp
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74 George Wypych Synthetic routes a
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76 George Wypych Property minimum V
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96 Tilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart,
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General Principles Governing Dissol
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4.1 Simple solvent characteristics
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4.2 Effect of system variables on s
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4.3 Polar solvation dynamics 133 tr
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4.3 Polar solvation dynamics 135 Fo
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4.3 Polar solvation dynamics 137 at
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4.3 Polar solvation dynamics 139 li
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4.3 Polar solvation dynamics 141 Fi
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4.3 Polar solvation dynamics 143 Fi
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4.3 Polar solvation dynamics 145 ta
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4.4 Measurement of solvent activity
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Solubility of Selected Systems and
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5.1 Solubility parameters 245 ln P
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5.1 Solubility parameters 247 Accep
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5.1 Solubility parameters 249 media
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5.1 Solubility parameters 251 Polym
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5.2 Prediction of solubility parame
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5.3 Methods of calculation of solub
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5.4 Mixed solvents - polymer solubi
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5.5 The phenomenological theory of
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306 E. Ya. Denisyuk, V. V. Tereshat
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318 V V Tereshatov, V Yu. Senichev,
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328 Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Y
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340 George Wypych where: τM the mo
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342 George Wypych ξ 0.55 0.5 0.45
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344 George Wypych Self-diffusion co
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346 George Wypych Temperature, K 31
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348 George Wypych Diffusion distanc
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350 George Wypych • evaporation-i
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352 George Wypych Water volume frac
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354 George Wypych Diffusion coeffic
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356 Semyon Levitsky, Zinoviy Shulma
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386 Seung Su Kim, Jae Chun Hyun 7.3
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388 Seung Su Kim, Jae Chun Hyun rat
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390 Seung Su Kim, Jae Chun Hyun The
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392 Seung Su Kim, Jae Chun Hyun whe
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394 Seung Su Kim, Jae Chun Hyun beg
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396 Seung Su Kim, Jae Chun Hyun 7.3
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398 Seung Su Kim, Jae Chun Hyun Fig
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404 Seung Su Kim, Jae Chun Hyun sol
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406 Seung Su Kim, Jae Chun Hyun Tab
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408 Seung Su Kim, Jae Chun Hyun and
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410 Seung Su Kim, Jae Chun Hyun to
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412 Seung Su Kim, Jae Chun Hyun The
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414 Seung Su Kim, Jae Chun Hyun cau
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416 Seung Su Kim, Jae Chun Hyun Nu
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Interactions in Solvents and Soluti
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8.2 Basic simplifications of quantu
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8.2 Basic simplifications of quantu
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8.4 Two-body interaction energy 425
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8.5 Three- and many-body interactio
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8.6 The variety of interaction pote
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8.6 The variety of interaction pote
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8.7 Theoretical and computing model
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8.8 Practical applications of model
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8.9 Liquid surfaces 493 to study th
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8.9 Liquid surfaces 495 The potenti
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8.9 Liquid surfaces 497 out of equi
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8.9 Liquid surfaces 499 tions) of t
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8 Interactions in solvents and solu
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8 Interactions in solvents and solu
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9 Mixed Solvents Y. Y. Fialkov, V.
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9.2 Chemical interaction between co
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9.2 Chemical interaction between co
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9.3 Physical properties of mixed so
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9.4 Mixed solvent influence on the
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9.5 The mixed solvent effect on the
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9 Mixed solvents 563 22 Minkin V.,
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10 Acid-base Interactions 10.1 GENE
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10.1 General concept of acid-base i
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10.1 General concept of acid-base i
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10.2 Effect of polymer/solvent acid
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10.3 Solvent effects based on pure
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10.4 Acid-base equilibria in ionic
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11 Electronic and Electrical Effect
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11.1 Theoretical treatment of solve
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11.2 Dielectric solvent effects 681
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12 Other Properties of Solvents, So
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12.1 Rheological properties, aggreg
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12.2 Chain conformations of polysac
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738 Roland Schmid Figure 13.1.1. Re
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740 Roland Schmid HB interactions,
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742 Roland Schmid AN = -133.8 - 0.0
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744 Roland Schmid ated by the macro
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746 Roland Schmid turns out, polar
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748 Roland Schmid Packing density
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750 Roland Schmid tween calculated
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752 Roland Schmid over the solute-s
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754 Roland Schmid of the empirical
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756 Roland Schmid From X-ray and ne
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758 Roland Schmid Table 13.1.5. Sol
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760 Roland Schmid ΔG = ΔG + ΔG [
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762 Roland Schmid very recent paper
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764 Roland Schmid Solvent ΔvH/RT
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766 Roland Schmid E r = E i + E s [
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768 Roland Schmid from the explicit
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770 Roland Schmid sequently, there
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772 Roland Schmid simulations. 188-
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774 Roland Schmid 23 N. A. Lewis, Y
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776 Roland Schmid 132 R. R. Dogonad
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778 Michelle L. Coote and Thomas P.
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798 Maw-Ling Wang 13.3 EFFECTS OF O
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800 Maw-Ling Wang [13.3.2] Inverse
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802 Maw-Ling Wang Both cation and a
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804 Maw-Ling Wang Table 13.3.2. Eff
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806 Maw-Ling Wang Table 13.3.3. Ext
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808 Maw-Ling Wang Table 13.3.5. Eff
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810 Maw-Ling Wang reacts with pheno
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812 Maw-Ling Wang Figure 13.3.3. Ef
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814 Maw-Ling Wang the organic solve
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816 Maw-Ling Wang crease. Therefore
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818 Maw-Ling Wang (F) Polymerizatio
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820 Maw-Ling Wang Table 13.3.16. Sy
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822 Maw-Ling Wang 13.3.1.4 Effect o
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824 Maw-Ling Wang Table 13.3.19 Eff
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826 Maw-Ling Wang quaternary salt c
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828 Maw-Ling Wang Table 13.3.24. Ef
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830 Maw-Ling Wang Solvent Dielectri
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832 Maw-Ling Wang ied. 82,83,97,101
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834 Maw-Ling Wang substitution, suc
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836 Maw-Ling Wang (2) the ion excha
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838 Maw-Ling Wang REFERENCES 1 A. A
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840 Maw-Ling Wang 101 D. C. Sherrin
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842 Norio Tsubokawa [13.4.2] PAI is
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844 Norio Tsubokawa Table 13.4.2. I
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846 Norio Tsubokawa more easily tha
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848 George Wypych methyl amyl keton
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850 George Wypych Peel strength, N/
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852 George Wypych 8 P Enenkel, H Ba
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854 George Wypych Table 14.2.2. Tot
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856 M Matsumoto, S Isken, JAMdeBont
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866 Tilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart
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872 Tsuneo Yamane 14.4.3 CHOICE OF
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874 Tsuneo Yamane Very trace amount
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876 Tsuneo Yamane It has been shown
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878 Tsuneo Yamane [ ( kcat Km) ( kc
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880 George Wypych 11 A. Zaks, in En
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882 George Wypych rected towards im
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884 Kaspar D. Hasenclever than 55°
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886 Kaspar D. Hasenclever The same
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888 Kaspar D. Hasenclever Figure 14
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890 Kaspar D. Hasenclever Computer
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892 Kaspar D. Hasenclever • Solve
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894 Martin Hanek, Norbert Löw, And
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920 George Wypych 20 N. L�w, EPP
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922 George Wypych Table 14.9.2. Rep
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924 Phillip J. Wakelyn, Peter J. Wa
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950 George Wypych 14.11 GROUND TRAN
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952 George Wypych Figure 14.13.1. S
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956 George Wypych more to show that
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958 George Wypych Table 14.16.1. Re
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970 David Randall 14.19.2.2 Water b
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972 David Randall Hydrophobic subst
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974 David Randall 50-60% glutaric,
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976 George Wypych Figure 14.20.1. D
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978 Michel Bauer, Christine Barthé
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998 An Li This discussion is intend
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1000 An Li Trade Name Cosolvent vol
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1002 An Li Figure 14.21.2.1. Effect
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1004 An Li partial derivative ∂(l
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1006 An Li Equation [14.21.2.8] can
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1008 An Li Figure 14.21.2.2a. Devia
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1010 An Li Figure 14.21.2.2c. Devia
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1012 An Li f 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.
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1014 An Li estimated from the log K
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1016 George Wypych 72 K. Brololm, a
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1018 George Wypych Figure 14.22.2.
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1020 George Wypych New technology i
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1022 George Wypych Table 14.23.1. R
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1026 Mohamed Serageldin, Dave Reeve
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Page 1061 and 1062:
Page 1063 and 1064:
Page 1065 and 1066:
Page 1067 and 1068:
Page 1069 and 1070:
Page 1071 and 1072:
Page 1073 and 1074:
Page 1075 and 1076:
Page 1077 and 1078:
1050 George Wypych Table 14.32.5. T
Page 1079 and 1080:
1052 George Wypych The traditional
Page 1081 and 1082:
1054 George Wypych The acidity of b
Page 1083 and 1084:
1056 George Wypych except water whi
Page 1085 and 1086:
1058 George Wypych solution is 2.73
Page 1087 and 1088:
1060 George Wypych presence of igni
Page 1089 and 1090:
1062 George Wypych method of determ
Page 1091 and 1092:
1064 George Wypych used. A thermal
Page 1093 and 1094:
1066 George Wypych 15.1.26 REFRACTI
Page 1095 and 1096:
1068 George Wypych Table 15.1.1. Ty
Page 1097 and 1098:
1070 George Wypych Wexcluded solven
Page 1099 and 1100:
1072 George Wypych 25 ASTM D 2108-9
Page 1101 and 1102:
1074 George Wypych 68 ASTM D 3844-9
Page 1103 and 1104:
1076 George Wypych BS 506-2.84. Met
Page 1105 and 1106:
1078 Myrto Petreas 15.2 SPECIAL MET
Page 1107 and 1108:
1080 Myrto Petreas In short, biolog
Page 1109 and 1110:
1082 Myrto Petreas cients of some i
Page 1111 and 1112:
1084 Myrto Petreas lection at the a
Page 1113 and 1114:
1086 Myrto Petreas and legal reperc
Page 1115 and 1116:
1088 Myrto Petreas • The solvent
Page 1117 and 1118:
1090 Myrto Petreas of time after ex
Page 1119 and 1120:
1092 Myrto Petreas even after log-l
Page 1121 and 1122:
1094 Myrto Petreas 26 M Petreas, J
Page 1123 and 1124:
1096 James L. Botsford In Europe ma
Page 1125 and 1126:
1098 James L. Botsford Figure 15.2.
Page 1127 and 1128:
1100 James L. Botsford cussed. Neit
Page 1129 and 1130:
1102 James L. Botsford n Ave. Var.
Page 1131 and 1132:
1104 James L. Botsford (Calleja et
Page 1133 and 1134:
1106 James L. Botsford Table 15.2.2
Page 1135 and 1136:
1108 James L. Botsford the test is
Page 1137 and 1138:
1110 James L. Botsford Table 15.2.2
Page 1139 and 1140:
1112 James L. Botsford Geiger, D. L
Page 1141 and 1142:
1114 Christine Barthélémy, Michel
Page 1143 and 1144:
Page 1145 and 1146:
Page 1147 and 1148:
Page 1149 and 1150:
Page 1151 and 1152:
Page 1153 and 1154:
1126 George Wypych n-heptane molecu
Page 1155 and 1156:
1128 George Wypych MEK P PA Fat-fre
Page 1157 and 1158: 1130 Michel Bauer, Christine Barth
Page 1175 and 1176: 17 Environmental Impact of Solvents
Page 1177 and 1178: 17.1 The environmental fate and mov
Page 1189 and 1190: 17.2 Fate-based management 1163 dat
Page 1191 and 1192: 17.2 Fate-based management 1165 bre
Page 1193 and 1194: 17.2 Fate-based management 1167 gra
Page 1195 and 1196: 17.3 Environmental fate of glycol e
Page 1207: 17.3 Environmental fate of glycol e
Page 1215 and 1216: 17.4 Organic solvent impacts on tro
Page 1227 and 1228: 18 Concentration of Solvents in Var
Page 1229 and 1230: 18.1 Measurement and estimation of
Page 1253 and 1254: 18.2 Prediction of organic solvents
Page 1259 and 1260:
18.2 Prediction of organic solvents
Page 1261 and 1262:
18.3 Indoor air pollution by solven
Page 1263 and 1264:
Page 1265 and 1266:
Page 1267 and 1268:
Page 1269 and 1270:
Page 1271 and 1272:
Page 1273 and 1274:
Page 1275 and 1276:
Page 1277 and 1278:
18.4 Solvent uses with exposure ris
Page 1279 and 1280:
Page 1281 and 1282:
Page 1283 and 1284:
Page 1285 and 1286:
Page 1287 and 1288:
Page 1289 and 1290:
Page 1291 and 1292:
Page 1293 and 1294:
1268 Carlos M. Nu�ez ter or habit
Page 1295 and 1296:
1270 Carlos M. Nu�ez CAS No. Chem
Page 1297 and 1298:
Page 1299 and 1300:
Page 1301 and 1302:
Page 1303 and 1304:
Page 1305 and 1306:
Page 1307 and 1308:
1282 Carlos M. Nu�ez tronic circu
Page 1309 and 1310:
1284 Carlos M. Nu�ez EPA Region 6
Page 1311 and 1312:
1286 Carlos M. Nu�ez i.e., entire
Page 1313 and 1314:
1288 Carlos M. Nu�ez Table 19.6.
Page 1315 and 1316:
1290 Carlos M. Nu�ez Schedule Sou
Page 1317 and 1318:
1292 Carlos M. Nu�ez The CAA prov
Page 1319 and 1320:
1294 Carlos M. Nu�ez CWA to estab
Page 1321 and 1322:
1296 Carlos M. Nu�ez amended to i
Page 1323 and 1324:
1298 Carlos M. Nu�ez Figure 19.5.
Page 1325 and 1326:
1300 Carlos M. Nu�ez environmenta
Page 1327 and 1328:
1302 Carlos M. Nu�ez For comparis
Page 1329 and 1330:
1304 Carlos M. Nu�ez tives. Four
Page 1331 and 1332:
1306 Carlos M. Nu�ez • Program
Page 1333 and 1334:
1308 Carlos M. Nu�ez 31 Federal R
Page 1335 and 1336:
1310 Carlos M. Nu�ez HSWA Hazardo
Page 1337 and 1338:
Page 1339 and 1340:
20 Toxic Effects of Solvent Exposur
Page 1341 and 1342:
20.1 Toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics
Page 1343 and 1344:
Page 1345 and 1346:
Page 1347 and 1348:
Page 1349 and 1350:
Page 1351 and 1352:
20.2 Cognitive and psychosocial out
Page 1353 and 1354:
Page 1355 and 1356:
Page 1357 and 1358:
20.3 Pregnancy outcome following so
Page 1359 and 1360:
Page 1361 and 1362:
Page 1363 and 1364:
Page 1365 and 1366:
Page 1367 and 1368:
Page 1369 and 1370:
Page 1371 and 1372:
Page 1373 and 1374:
Page 1375 and 1376:
Page 1377 and 1378:
Page 1379 and 1380:
20.4 Industrial solvents and kidney
Page 1381 and 1382:
Page 1383 and 1384:
Page 1385 and 1386:
Page 1387 and 1388:
20.5 Lymphohematopoietic study of w
Page 1389 and 1390:
Page 1391 and 1392:
Page 1393 and 1394:
Page 1395 and 1396:
Page 1397 and 1398:
Page 1399 and 1400:
20.6 Chromosomal aberrations 1375 2
Page 1401 and 1402:
20.6 Chromosomal aberrations 1377 p
Page 1403 and 1404:
20.7 Hepatotoxicity 1379 8 Mitelman
Page 1405 and 1406:
20.7 Hepatotoxicity 1381 to convert
Page 1407 and 1408:
20.7 Hepatotoxicity 1383 Table 20.7
Page 1409 and 1410:
20.7 Hepatotoxicity 1385 toxicity o
Page 1411 and 1412:
20.7 Hepatotoxicity 1387 early pote
Page 1413 and 1414:
20.7 Hepatotoxicity 1389 vents. It
Page 1415 and 1416:
20.7 Hepatotoxicity 1391 19 Slater
Page 1417 and 1418:
20.8 Solvents and the liver 1393 20
Page 1419 and 1420:
20.8 Solvents and the liver 1395 Cu
Page 1421 and 1422:
20.8 Solvents and the liver 1397 th
Page 1423 and 1424:
20.8 Solvents and the liver 1399 cu
Page 1425 and 1426:
Page 1427 and 1428:
Page 1429 and 1430:
20.9 Toxicity of environmental solv
Page 1431 and 1432:
Page 1433 and 1434:
Page 1435 and 1436:
Page 1437 and 1438:
Page 1439 and 1440:
Page 1441 and 1442:
Page 1443 and 1444:
21 Substitution of Solvents by Safe
Page 1445 and 1446:
21.1 Supercritical solvents 1421 So
Page 1447 and 1448:
21.1 Supercritical solvents 1423 Fi
Page 1449 and 1450:
Page 1451 and 1452:
Page 1453 and 1454:
21.1 Supercritical solvents 1429 K
Page 1455 and 1456:
21.1 Supercritical solvents 1431 ai
Page 1457 and 1458:
21.1 Supercritical solvents 1433 Th
Page 1459 and 1460:
21.1 Supercritical solvents 1435 wh
Page 1461 and 1462:
21.1 Supercritical solvents 1437 *
Page 1463 and 1464:
21.1 Supercritical solvents 1439 In
Page 1465 and 1466:
21.1 Supercritical solvents 1441 21
Page 1467 and 1468:
21.1 Supercritical solvents 1443 Ta
Page 1469 and 1470:
21.1 Supercritical solvents 1445 Re
Page 1471 and 1472:
21.1 Supercritical solvents 1447 Re
Page 1473 and 1474:
21.1 Supercritical solvents 1449 ta
Page 1475 and 1476:
Page 1477 and 1478:
Page 1479 and 1480:
Page 1481 and 1482:
Page 1483 and 1484:
21.2 Ionic liquids 1459 85 M. Polia
Page 1485 and 1486:
21.2 Ionic liquids 1461 be used. Th
Page 1487 and 1488:
21.2 Ionic liquids 1463 Figure 21.2
Page 1489 and 1490:
21.2 Ionic liquids 1465 Table 21.2.
Page 1491 and 1492:
21.2 Ionic liquids 1467 been utiliz
Page 1493 and 1494:
21.2 Ionic liquids 1469 One specifi
Page 1495 and 1496:
21.2 Ionic liquids 1471 lustrates t
Page 1497 and 1498:
21.2 Ionic liquids 1473 these alloy
Page 1499 and 1500:
21.2 Ionic liquids 1475 ( ) ln = K
Page 1501 and 1502:
21.2 Ionic liquids 1477 According t
Page 1503 and 1504:
21.2 Ionic liquids 1479 Acidic melt
Page 1505 and 1506:
21.2 Ionic liquids 1481 21 C.L. Hus
Page 1507 and 1508:
21.2 Ionic liquids 1483 110 G.P. Li
Page 1509 and 1510:
21.3 Oxide solubilities in ionic me
Page 1511 and 1512:
Page 1513 and 1514:
Page 1515 and 1516:
Page 1517 and 1518:
Page 1519 and 1520:
Page 1521 and 1522:
21.4 Alternative cleaning technolog
Page 1523 and 1524:
Page 1525 and 1526:
Page 1527 and 1528:
Page 1529 and 1530:
Page 1531 and 1532:
1508 Klaus-Dirk Henning Application
Page 1533 and 1534:
1510 Klaus-Dirk Henning 22.1.2.2 Ad
Page 1535 and 1536:
1512 Klaus-Dirk Henning point the a
Page 1537 and 1538:
1514 Klaus-Dirk Henning Figure 22.1
Page 1539 and 1540:
Page 1541 and 1542:
1518 Klaus-Dirk Henning Table 22.1.
Page 1543 and 1544:
Page 1545 and 1546:
1522 Klaus-Dirk Henning Regeneratio
Page 1547 and 1548:
1524 Klaus-Dirk Henning • activit
Page 1549 and 1550:
1526 Klaus-Dirk Henning adsorption
Page 1551 and 1552:
Page 1553 and 1554:
Page 1555 and 1556:
Page 1557 and 1558:
1534 Klaus-Dirk Henning vent conden
Page 1559 and 1560:
Page 1561 and 1562:
Page 1563 and 1564:
Page 1565 and 1566:
1542 Klaus-Dirk Henning 12 H. Krill
Page 1567 and 1568:
1544 Isao Kimura Table 22.2.1. Appl
Page 1569 and 1570:
1546 Isao Kimura Table 22.2.2. Typi
Page 1571 and 1572:
1548 Isao Kimura 22.2.4 SOLVENT REC
Page 1573 and 1574:
1550 Isao Kimura Figure 22.2.9. Flo
Page 1575 and 1576:
1552 Isao Kimura • Difficult in d
Page 1577 and 1578:
1554 Isao Kimura Figure 22.2.12. Fl
Page 1579 and 1580:
1556 Denis Kargol Figure 22.3.1. So
Page 1581 and 1582:
1558 Denis Kargol Figure 22.3.4. AS
Page 1583 and 1584:
1560 K. A. Magrini, et al. and Olli
Page 1585 and 1586:
1562 K. A. Magrini, et al. ysis of
Page 1587 and 1588:
1564 K. A. Magrini, et al. Figure 2
Page 1589 and 1590:
1566 K. A. Magrini, et al. On the l
Page 1591 and 1592:
1568 K. A. Magrini, et al. ating te
Page 1593 and 1594:
1570 K. A. Magrini, et al. Cummings
Page 1595 and 1596:
1572 Hanadi S. Rifai, Charles J. Ne
Page 1597 and 1598:
Page 1599 and 1600:
Page 1601 and 1602:
Page 1603 and 1604:
Page 1605 and 1606:
Page 1607 and 1608:
Page 1609 and 1610:
Page 1611 and 1612:
Page 1613 and 1614:
Page 1615 and 1616:
Page 1617 and 1618:
Page 1619 and 1620:
Page 1621 and 1622:
Page 1623 and 1624:
Page 1625 and 1626:
Page 1627 and 1628:
Page 1629 and 1630:
Page 1631 and 1632:
Page 1633 and 1634:
Page 1635 and 1636:
Page 1637 and 1638:
Page 1639 and 1640:
Page 1641 and 1642:
1618 Barry J. Spargo, James G. Muel
Page 1643 and 1644:
Page 1645 and 1646:
Page 1647 and 1648:
Page 1649 and 1650:
Page 1651 and 1652:
Page 1653 and 1654:
Page 1655 and 1656:
1632 George Wypych number of 1 or e
Page 1657 and 1658:
1634 George Wypych In addition to t
Page 1659 and 1660:
1636 George Wypych d diameter of gr
Page 1661 and 1662:
1638 George Wypych wax-containing c
Page 1663 and 1664:
1640 George Wypych product of inven
Page 1665 and 1666:
1642 George Wypych selection of sol
Page 1667 and 1668:
1644 George Wypych fining processes
Page 1669 and 1670:
1646 George Wypych requires several
Page 1671 and 1672:
1648 George Wypych crease color str
Page 1673 and 1674:
1650 George Wypych tion. The patent
Page 1675 and 1676:
1652 George Wypych 75 M Solinas, T
Page 1677 and 1678:
1658 Index anhydrous form 282 anili
Page 1679 and 1680:
1660 Index 1-chlorooctane 826 chlor
Page 1681 and 1682:
1662 Index term 750 dipole moment 1
Page 1683 and 1684:
1664 Index Friedel-Crafts alkylatio
Page 1685 and 1686:
1666 Index method 245 laser 689 lat
Page 1687 and 1688:
1668 Index O octane 127,185 1-octan
Page 1689 and 1690:
1670 Index Prandtl number 392 Praus
Page 1691 and 1692:
1672 Index function 137 preferentia
Page 1693 and 1694:
1674 Index change 350 time scale 33
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