LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

More documents

Recommendations

Info

OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) Remarks: LAS concentrations in raw sewage ranged from 4.0 to 15.1 mg/L. Only low concentrations of LAS were discharged to the receiving waters. The range of mean effluent concentrations was 0.009-0.140 mg/L. The mean concentration of LAS in river sediments below effluent discharges ranged from 0.49-5.3 µg/g. Below treatment plants, LAS levels in sediments were very similar (and sometimes lower) than levels above treatment plants. Based on these observations, the authors suggest that LAS is bioeliminated in river sediments. LAS levels in digested sludge from Spain and Italy ranged from 6.0 to 9.4 g/kg dry weight. Differences in the main operating characteristics at the five sites (e.g., treatment type, plant size, sludge retention time, hydraulic retention time, temperature) were not found to greatly influence the removal of LAS. Reference: Waters, J. and Feijtel, T.C.J. 1995. AIS/CESIO Environmental Surfactant monitoring programme: Outcome of five national pilot studies on linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS). Chemosphere 30:1939-1956. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (k) Type of Measurement: Background [ ]; At contaminated site [ ]; Other [X] Red Beck, a small Yorkshire stream Medium: Sewage treatment effluents Results: The results show an LAS concentration, corrected for dilution, of 0.07 mg/L (uncorrected 0.033 mg/L) at Sunny Bank (the furthest downstream station, approximately 4.8 km from the out fall) after 6 hours of travel time. The calculated half-life was in the 2-3 h range, indicating kinetics faster than that of laboratory biodegradation studies in river waters. Method: LAS and water quality parameters have been measured at seven sites downstream of the effluent discharge point of a trickling filter treatment plant (Shibden Head Sewage Treatment Works, Yorkshire, UK). This study was carried out specifically to measure in-stream removal kinetics of LAS. Time of travel was measured by detection of a fluorescent dye (Rhodamine WT) added to the effluent. Increase in flow as the river proceeds through the catchment was determined by flow measurements and boron dilution rate. Nine sampling stations were selected. The study began with the injection of Rhodamine WT dye to the final effluent. The concentration profile of the dye pulse was established from plots of fluorescence intensity versus time, which allowed the measurement of LAS concentration in the same stream volumes of water as the flow moved downstream. LAS concentrations were corrected for increased flow of the stream (and dilution of LAS) by inputs from side streams. Water samples were collected using automatic samples (time proportional or time proportional centroid composites) and/or grab samples and analyzed for water quality parameters and LAS. Boron was used as a reference substance for measuring the increasing stream flow as boron is highly soluble in water and nondegradable. LAS was analyzed as per the method of Holt et al. 1995. Briefly, LAS was extracted from the samples by solid phase extraction on C18 cartridges, eluted with methanol, evaporated under nitrogen to dryness, reconstituted in 1 mL methanol, and analyzed by reverse phase HPLC on a C18 column with fluorescence detection. Remarks: The study indicates that an LAS removal half-life of 2-3 hours will be appropriate for small shallow streams, which have an LAS concentration between 50-250 µg/L, for use in the GREAT-ER model calibration exercise. Reference: Fox, K., Holt, M., Daniel, M., Buckland, H., and Guymer, I. 2000. Removal of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate from a small Yorkshire stream. Contribution to GREAT-ER project #7. Sci. Total Environ. 251:265-275. UNEP PUBLICATIONS 140
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) Site # Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (l) Type of Measurement: Background [ ]; At contaminated site [ ]; Other [X] Dutch surface water Medium: Surface water downstream of activated sludge STP outfalls just after the mixing zone. Results: The mean LAS concentration in surface waters just downstream of the mixing zone was 14.2 µg/L, with a range mostly between
Page 1 and 2:
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFO
Page 3 and 4:
Page 5 and 6:
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90: OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFO
Page 139: OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFO
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Page 345 and 346:
Page 347 and 348:
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357:
show all

LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?