LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) Remarks: The length of the alkyl chain is the most important factor influencing acute toxicity, which increases as the alkyl chain increases. These longer alkyl chain homologues are the first constituents of the LAS mixture to degrade. The nonlinear components (DTIS) showed 1/2 to 1/10 the toxicity of LAS with the same carbon chain length. Toxicity of biodegradation intermediates is significantly less than the parent LAS. Because of the shorter than normal study duration and smaller than standard number of fish per concentration, the reliability of the absolute values cannot be assessed. However, the study is considered reliable for the trends in the data because the homologues were tested under identical conditions. Reference: Kimerle, R.A. and Swisher, R.D. 1977. Reduction of aquatic toxicity of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) by biodegradation. Water Research 11:31-37. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions 4.2 ACUTE TOXICITY TO AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES A. Daphnia (a) Type of Test: Static [X]; semi-static [ ]; flow-through Open-system [X]; closed-system [ ] Species: Daphnia magna (Crustacea) Exposure Period: 48 hours Effect Criteria: Immobility Results: EC50 = 1.62 mg/L; The number of immobile animals at each concentration is shown in the following table: Concentration of test substance (mg/L) Time (h) 0 3.2 5.6 10 18 32 56 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 20 48 0 0 0 1 a 6 a 12 a 20 20 a Condition of mobile animals was impacted as compared to the controls in a dose-responsive manner. Analytic Monitoring: Yes [X]; No [ ]; ? [ ] Method: OECD Guideline 202. Seven concentrations (3.2, 5.6, 10, 18, 32, 56, and 100 mg/L) plus controls were tested. The dilution water was DSWL water, prepared from ground water. Four beakers containing five Daphnia each were used for each test or control solution. Daphnia were less than 24 hours old at test initiation. A fifth beaker with 100 mg/L solution and five Daphnia were added 24 hours after initiation. Test and control solutions were not renewed and the Daphnia were not fed. Dissolved oxygen and pH were measured at 0 and 48 hours in all concentrations, as well as at 24 hours in the 100 mg/L chambers 24 hours after initiation because of total immobility observed at that level. Dissolved oxygen ranged from 8.7 to 9.6 mg/L and pH ranged from 7.9 to 8.1. Water hardness was 215 mg/L as CaCO3. Test temperature was maintained at 20 ± 1°C under a 16:8 (light:dark) cycle. The chambers were not aerated. Immobile animals were counted at 24 and 48 hours. Samples for analysis of each concentration were taken at 0, 24, and 48 hours. This is a key study for aquatic toxicity to invertebrates (see SIAR Table 10). GLP: Yes [X]; No [ ]; ? [ ] Test Substance: LAS; 87.85% activity Remarks: A 24 hour EC50 of 3.58 mg/L and a 48 hour NOEC of 0.379 mg/L (both UNEP PUBLICATIONS 182
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) based on immobility) were also calculated, as well as a 48 hour NOEC of 5.6 mg/L based on condition. Only nominal concentrations are reported. No further information on the test substance is reported. Reference: Hooftman, R.N. and van Drongelen-Sevenhuijsen, D. 1990. The acute Toxicity of E-3473.01 (ETS 311) to Daphnia magna. TNO Netherlands Organization for Applied Research. TNO Report No. R 89/403. Reliability: 1 Valid without restrictions. (b) Species: Daphnia magna Results: EC50 values ranged from 1.62 to 9.3 mg/L Test Substance: C10-13 LAS (CAS #68411-30-3) Remarks: A total of 20 daphnid studies were reviewed by HERA in 2004. Nine of these studies were rejected because the test material was not commercial LAS, the study deviated significantly from standard protocols, or nonstandard endpoints were measured. The remaining 11 studies were evaluated for reliability and the results reflect the range of acute EC50 values obtained for Daphnia magna. These studies are tabulated and discussed further in the SIAR and SIAP in a weight-of-evidence approach. A robust summary for the study with the lowest acute EC50 value was prepared (see Hooftman and van Drongelen-Sevenhuijsen above). Reference: HERA-LAS team, May 2004; see SIAR Annex 2. Reliability: 4 Not assignable. This study has been given a reliability score of 4 because it is a summary evaluation of a series of studies conducted by other researchers. (c) Species: Daphnia magna Results: EC50 = 4.7 mg/L (139 records) Test Substance: C10-14 LAS (all LAS in range, including data for individual homologues) Remarks: EC50 is geometric mean of 139 records compiled from a BKH (1993) literature review. Values range from 0.26 to 55 mg/L. This large range is caused by differences in the LAS tested with respect to alkyl chain and/or phenyl isomer distribution and differences in test design. Reference: van de Plassche, E.J., de Bruijn, J.H.M., Stephenson, R.R., Marshall, S.J., Feijtel, T.C.J. and Belanger, S.E. 1999. Predicted no-effect concentrations and risk characterization of four surfactants: LAS, AE, AES, and soap, Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 18:2653-2663. Reliability: 4 This study was given a reliability score of 4 because the original reports reviewed by the authors were not directly reviewed in the compilation of this robust summary. (d) Type of test: static [ ]; semi-static [ ]; flow-through [ ]; other [ ]; open-system [ ]; closed-system [ ] not stated Species: Daphnia magna (Crustacea) Exposure period: 48 hour Results: EC50 = 6.8 mg/L Analytical monitoring: Yes [ ] No [X] ? [ ] Method: Directive 84/449/EEC, C.2 “Acute toxicity for Daphnia” 1984 GLP: Yes [X] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: C10-13 LAS, sodium salt (CAS #68411-30-3) Remarks: Information as cited in IUCLID Data Sheet for CAS #68411-30-3. Reference: European Commission. 2000a. Benzenesulfonic acid, C10-13-alkyl derivs., sodium salts. Year 2000 CD-ROM edition, citing Huels Study (unpublished). Reliability: 4 Not assignable. The original study was not available for review. UNEP PUBLICATIONS 183
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LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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