LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) Exposure period: 96 hour Results: EC50 = 12.2 mg/L Analytical monitoring: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [X] Method: EPA, l987. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [X] Test substance: C10-13 LAS, average chain length 12.3 (CAS #68411-30-3) Remarks: Information as cited in IUCLID Data Sheet for CAS #68411-30-3. Huels AG judged study quality to be good. AAP medium; 24 + /-2ºC. Reference: European Commission. 2000n. Benzenesulfonic acid, C10-13-alkyl derivs., sodium salts. Year 2000 CD-ROM edition, citing Procter & Gamble, 1991, P2636.01. Reliability: 4 Not assignable. The original study was not available for review. (n) Species: Selenastrum capricornutum (Algae) Endpoint: Biomass [ ]; Growth rate [X]; Other [ ] Exposure period: 48 hour Results: EC50 ≈ 80 mg/L (Observation of graphical plot in paper indicates that the EC50 is between 50-100 mg/L) Analytical monitoring: Yes [ ] No [X] ? [ ] Method: Algal Assay Procedure Bottle Test, USEPA (1971). Individual test flasks were spiked with a 1 mL algal suspension at 0.7 mg/L dry weight for each concentration. Test solutions were run in triplicate. Algae were maintained at 24 ± 2°Cat 4000 lux for 48 hours. Cell counts were accomplished with a Coulter Counter and the growth Rate calculated. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [X] Test substance: C11.6 LAS; 23.4% activity Remarks: Though generally valid, this study was not included in the HERA assessment because the exposure period was only 48 hours. Reference: Yamane, A., Okada, M. and Sudo, R. 1984. The growth inhibition of planktonic algae due to surfactants used in washing agents. Water Res. 9:1101-1105. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions. Duration of test considered too short for a chronic study, therefore not included in SIAR Table 12A. (o) (Elodea) Species: Elodea canadensis (aquatic plant) Endpoint: Biomass [ ]; Growth rate [ ]; Other [X] inhibition of growth, productivity Exposure period: 28 day Results: NOEC > 4 mg/L Analytical monitoring: Yes [X] No [ ] ? [ ] Method: The effect of LAS on the structure and function of microbial communities was studied in a flow-through model ecosystem containing several trophic levels. Duplicate 19-L glass aquaria containing model ecosystems at four nominal concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg/L) contained water and 2.5 cm lake sediment (Winton Lake, Cincinnati, OH) and several trophic levels (bacteria, algae, macrophytes [Elodea canadensis,Lemna minor], macroinvertebrates [Daphnia magna, Paratanytarsus parthenogenica], and fish [Lepomis macrochirus]). Flow rate in the proportional diluter delivered approximately 8 replacement volumes per day. Additionally, at each cycle of the diluter, 1.5 mL of a Daphnia food suspension diluted with a culture of Selenastrum was added to each chamber. Following an initial 3 day acclimation period to analytically confirm test concentrations, 4 glass periphyton slides (5 x 5 cm), 8 vegetative shoots of Elodea, 10 early instar Daphnia, 25 midge eggs and 5 pre-weighed juvenile bluegills (2.5-5.0 cm UNEP PUBLICATIONS 194
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) length) were added to each aquarium. Fish were screened from access to the macroinvertebrates by a 60 mesh stainless steel screen and were fed a daily supplement of frozen brine shrimp. Test duration was 28 days. Effects monitored included population and community effects. Nominal concentrations were confirmed with MBAS analysis. After 28 days the vegetative shoots of Elodea were removed, the total length measured, and the shoots were placed into aluminium dishes for determination of ash-free dry weights. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [X] Test substance: LAS; C 14 -LAS chain length C12 (91% purity) plus unlabeled LAS with average chain length C11.6 (C10 9.7%, C11 27.9%, C12 54.4%, C13 8.0%; 95% purity) (tested together) Remarks: Dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged between 7.0 and 9.0 mg/L. Temperature was maintained at 2°C and the mean pH was 8.1 ± 0.2. The growth and productivity of Elodea was not significantly inhibited at the highest concentration tested (4 mg/L) in Phase I. Growth throughout the 28day exposure approximately doubled the initial biomass of the vegetative shoots from a mean of about 37 mg ash-free dry weight to a mean of about 72 mg for the treatment concentrations. Similarly, Phase II experiments resulted in an approximate doubling of the initial Elodea biomass in the controls and the 3.75% effluent concentration, though the heavy growth of attached bacteria and fungi (periphyton) that developed in the higher concentrations effectively covered the growing surface of the Elodea shoots resulting in progressively lower productivity in 7.5, 15 and 30% dilutions. Reference: Maki, A.W. 1981. A Laboratory model ecosystem approach to environmental fate and effects studies. Unpublished Internal Report, Environmental Safety Department Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (p) (Lemna) Species: Lemna minor (aquatic plant) Endpoint: Biomass [ ]; Growth rate [ ]; Other [X] frond count Exposure period: 7 days Results: EC50 = 2.7 mg/L NOEC = 0.9 mg/L (calculated as EC50/3); normalized to C11.6 = 1.1 mg/L Analytical monitoring: Yes [X] No [ ] ? [ ] Method: A 7-day flow-through growth inhibition test was developed using duckweed (Lemna minor). Control water (carbon and reverse osmosis filtered well water) and five concentrations of test material were delivered from diluter mixing chambers to Pyrex glass exposure chambers at a rate of 1.5 L every 16 minutes (approximately 14 replacement volumes per day). At time 0, each chamber received seven 2-frond, root excised duckweed colonies (four replicates per treatment level). Plants were given continuous illumination at 3875 lux (360 foot candles) and temperature was maintained between 21 and 23 o C. Total hardness was 120-130 mg/L CaCO3 and pH was 7.2-7.6. The number of fronds was recorded once every 24 hours for 7 days. LAS concentrations were measured using the MBAS method. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [X] Test substance: C10-14 LAS, average alkyl chain length 11.8, MW = 345, 27.3% active Remarks: Results based on frond count were found to provide the most useful information per unit of laboratory time. Other endpoints resulted in 7-day EC50 values of 3.6 mg/L (dry weight), 4.9 mg/L (root length), and 4.8 mg/L (growth rate/doubling time). Concurrent tests with bluegill sunfish (96-hr LC50 = 1.7 mg/L) and D. magna (48-hr LC50 = 4.4 mg/L) indicate that UNEP PUBLICATIONS 195
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