LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) cycle. The NOEC normalized by van de Plassche et al. (1999) to C11.6 LAS was 2.3 mg/L. GLP: Yes [ ]; No [X]; ? [ ] Test Substance: Marlon A 350 LAS (CAS #68411-30-3; Benzenesulfonic acid, C10-13- alkyl derives., sodium salts, 25.7% activity) Reference: Henkel KGaA, Biological Research and Product Safety/Ecology: unpublished results (Test substance number Fi 5959). Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions. Duration of test considered too short for a chronic study, therefore not included in SIAR Table 12A. (b) Type of test: static [ ]; semi-static [ ]; flow-through [X]; other [ ] open-system [X]; closed-system [ ] Species: Pimephales promelas (Fish, fresh water) Exposure period: 30 day Effect criteria: Fry survival Results: NOEC = 1 mg/L LOEC = 2 mg/L Analytical monitoring: Yes [X] No [ ] ? [ ] HPLC Methods: Two replicates of 100 egg-fry stage fathead minnows were exposed for 30 days to LAS under the following conditions: Hardness 41 mg/L as CaCO3; pH 7.2; temperature 24 o C. The exchange rate was 1 to 3 volume changes/day. Test chambers were 3500 mL volume. The studies were conducted at EG&G Bionomics (now Springborn Smithers Laboratory). GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [X] Test substance: Commercial C10-13 LAS, sodium salt (CAS #68411-30-3); C10 5%, C11 27%, C12 53%, C13 13%; 2-phenyl 23%. Remarks: Carboxylated intermediates formed in the biodegradation of LAS exhibit toxicity several orders of magnitude less than LAS; LC50 values were >144 mg/L and >52 mg/L for sulfophenyl butarate and sulfophenyl undecanoate, respectively. NOEC based on fry survival. Egg hatchability and fry growth were less sensitive. This is a key study for chronic aquatic toxicity to fish (see SIAR Table 12). Reference: Swisher, R.D., Gledhill, W.E., Kimerle R.A. and Taulli, T.A. 1978. Carboxylated intermediates in the biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS). VII International Congress on Surface Active Substance, Proceedings, Moscow, 1976 4:218-230. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (c) Type of Test: Static [ ]; semi-static [X]; flow-through [ ] Open-system [X]; closed-system [ ]; not stated [ ] Species: Poecilia reticulata (Fish, Guppy, fresh water) Exposure Period: 28 days Effect Criteria: Mortality, behavior, and growth Results: NOEC = 3.2 mg/L LOEC = 10 mg/L Analytic Monitoring: Yes [ ]; No [X]; ? [ ] Method: Fish were 3-4 weeks old at test initiation. Fifty fish were used per group. Temperature was maintained at 23 ± 2°C. The test volume (10-L per chamber) was renewed three times per week. Circadian lighting (16:8 light:dark) was used. Fish were fed a Tetramin/Tetraphyll mixture. Dissolved oxygen, water hardness and pH were measured during the study. GLP: Yes [ ]; No [ ]; ? [X] Test Substance: LAS, 42.4% activity (C8
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) Remarks: The only effect (98% mortality at 10 mg/L) occurred within 2 days of study initiation. The NOEC normalized by van de Plassche et al. (1999) to C11.6 LAS was 3.2 mg/L. Reference: Canton, J.H. and Slooff, W. 1982. Substitutes for phosphate containing washing products: Their toxicity and biodegradability in the aquatic environment. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions. Duration of test considered too short for a chronic study, therefore not included in SIAR Table 12A. (d) Type of Test: Static [ ]; semi-static [ ]; flow-through [X] Open-system [X]; closed-system [ ]; not stated [ ] Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss (Fish, Rainbow Trout, fresh water) Exposure Period: 14 days Effect Criteria: Mortality Results: 14 day LC50 = 0.12 mg/L Analytic Monitoring: Yes [ ]; No [ ]; ? [X] Method: Rainbow trout at different developmental stages (egg [160-200 eggs per concentration], alevin with partially absorbed yolk sac [2-3 days old], alevin [60 days old], and adult [270-300 days old]) were exposed to LAS for 14 days. Temperature was maintained at about 15°C, dissolved oxygen at greater than 80% of saturation, pH at 7.3-7.4, and water hardness of 290-310 mg/L as CaCO3. GLP: Yes [ ]; No [ ]; ? [X] Test Substance: C12 LAS, 45% activity Remarks: The egg was the most sensitive life stage in the 14 day tests, in contrast to the 24 hour tests, which showed the egg to be the least sensitive (alevins with partially absorbed yolk sac were the most sensitive in the 24 hour tests). Malformations were seen only in embryos treated with lethal concentrations. A NOEC value was not determined in the study and the data provided are inadequate to calculate an EC20 value. Reference: Vailati, G., Calamari, D. and Marchetti, R. 1975. Effetti dell’alchilbenzene sofonato (LAS) sugli staid di sviluppo del Salmo gairdneri Rich. Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque (CNR) Sezione di Idrobiologia Applicata (Milano). Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions. Duration of test considered too short for a chronic study, therefore not included in SIAR Table 12A. (e) Type of Test: Static [X]; semi-static [ ]; flow-through [ ] Open-system [X]; closed-system [ ]; not stated [ ] Species: Tilapia mossambica (Fish, Tilapia, fresh water) Exposure Period: 90 days Effect Criteria: Feeding, growth rate, fecundity, yield Results: NOEC = 0.25 mg/L LOEC = 0.51 mg/L Analytic Monitoring: Yes [ ]; No [ ]; ? [X] Method: Tests generally followed the standard methods of APHA 1975, with the following specifics. Tests were conducted in outdoor earthen vats (62 cm diameter, 30 cm mean depth) containing 60-L of borehole water and 5 kg of uncontaminated soil. Borehole water is unchlorinated water with the following parameters: pH 7.1 ± 0.1, dissolved oxygen 10 mg/L, hardness 290 mg/L as CaCO3, and temperature 27.9 ± 0.14 °C. Fifteen fish purchased from local farms (35 mm, 0.786 g) and acclimated to the test conditions for 168 hours were added per vat. Test concentrations were 0.25, 0.38, 0.51, and 1.10 mg/L. Fish were exposed six times at 15 day intervals with the water renewals and were fed daily with a 1:1 mixture of rice bran and mustard oil UNEP PUBLICATIONS 203
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LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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