LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) Reference: Lewis, M.A., Pittinger, C.A., Davidson, D.H., and Ritchie, C.J. 1993. In situ response of natural epiphyton to an anionic surfactant and an environmental safety assessment for phytotoxic effects. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12:1803- 1812. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (k) Type: Laboratory bottles/lake exposures Methods: Species or ecosystem studied: Bottles (300 ml) filled with lake water were used as the test systems. Nine concentrations were tested in triplicate. Once a month the bottles were suspended in a lake at 1 m depth for three hours. The experiment was repeated for six months. Effects monitored: photosynthetic response of phytoplankton was determined. Chemical analysis: Concentrations were measured. Results: Mean EC50 values were 3.4 and 1.9 mg/L for C12 and C13, respectively. The ranges of EC50 values for the different tests were 0.5-8.0 and 0.2-8.1 mg/L for C12 and C13, respectively. Substance: Dodecyl LAS; average chain length C11.8 (CAS #25155-30-3); and Tridecyl LAS, average chain length C13.3 (CAS #26248-24-8). Remarks: A concentration-effect relationship was found. Suspended solids were not measured. The wide range of EC50 values is in part due to seasonal differences in temperature and community dynamics. Reference: Lewis, M.A. and Hamm, B.G. 1986. Environmental modification of the photosynthetic response of lake plankton to surfactants and significance to a laboratory-field comparison. Water. Res. 20:1575-1582. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions 4.8 BIOTRANSFORMATION AND KINETICS (a) Type: Animal [ ]; Aquatic [X]; Plant [ ]; Terrestrial [ ]; Other [ ] Methods: In a flow-through system a 21 day uptake and 14 day elimination experiment was conducted with Lepomis macrochirus. The LSC-measured exposure concentration was 0.5 mg/L (1.45 uM). Flow-through; water renewal rate: 20 renewals per day; hardness as CaCO3 35 mg/L; pH 7.1; water/fish ratio: 0.04 L/g. Results: k1/k2 concentration factors were for muscle 36, liver 171, blood 237, carcass 64, gall bladder 5224, gill and viscera 282 (on wet weight basis). k2 values are almost the same (0.24-0.28 d-L) in all tissues but the liver. The value for the liver is double (0.48 d-L) of the other tissues. This indicates biotransformation in the liver. The value of kl in the gall bladder (1461 L/kg/d) is at least 16 times higher than those in the other tissues (9-82 L/kg/d). t95 in the different tissues range between 150 and 300. No information on metabolism was given. Test Substance: Na-alkylbenzenesulfonate average chain length: C11.7 (C11 45%, C12 36.5%, C13 18.5%) radiolabeled material ( 14 C uniformly labelled benzene ring) is spiked with unlabelled LAS (identical homologue composition), spiking ratio 4:1 (unlabeled: 14 C labeled). Remarks: Whole body concentration factors are reliable. Steady state attained within 24 h. Reference: Kimerle, R.A., Macek, K.J., Sleight, B.H., and Burrows, M.E. 1981. Bioconcentration of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Water. Res. 15:251-256. UNEP PUBLICATIONS 246
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (b) Type: Animal [ ]; Aquatic [X]; Plant [ ]; Terrestrial [ ]; Other [ ] Methods: Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to LAS in a flowthrough system according to OECD guideline 305E. Results: Steady state uptake was achieved by 96-h of exposure. Uptake constants (k1) range from 4.3 to 642.2 L/kg/day with C11 and C13 having the lowest and highest, respectively. The elimination rate constants (k2) range from 0.5 and 1.5 days. k1 was dependent on hydrophobicity and alkyl chain length. k2 did not vary with hydrophobicity. Reference: Tolls, J., Haller, M., De Graaf, I., Thijssen, M.A.T.C., and Sijm, D.T.H.M. 1997. Bioconcentration of LAS: Experimental determination and extrapolation to environmental mixtures. 31:3426-3431. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (c) Type: Animal [ ]; Aquatic [X]; Plant [ ]; Terrestrial [ ]; Other [ ] Method: In a flow-through system a 14 day uptake experiment was conducted with fish (Pimephales promelas). Two concentrations of 0.100 and 0.135 mg/L (0.3 and 0.4 uM) were tested resulting in concentration factors. Tissue extracts of the fish exposed to LAS were analysed by desulfonation-GC. Flow-through; water renewal rate: 3-4 renewals per day; no feeding; hardness 250 mg/L; well water. Chemical analyses by LSC. Results: On the basis of the concentration in fish tissues (wet weight) and the two concentrations in water concentration factors in muscle were 4 and 3, and in the gall bladder 13,700 and 7,500. It remains unclear whether the observed variation of the concentration factors indicates a concentration dependence of bioaccumulation. The results indicate metabolic transformation, since the parent compound radioactivity could not account for all the radioactivity in the fish. Percentages of radioactivity accounted for by parent LAS in muscle 50-70%, other organs 50-80%, gall bladder
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LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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