LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) Anaerobic 1,000 - 16,100 VKI 1997 * See article for full citations. The concentrations of LAS in sludge-amended soil are shown in the following table. Initial Concentration (mg/kg dw) Typical Concentration * (mg/kg dw) Reference** 16, 27 -- Figge et al. 1989 45 5 Marcomini et al. 1989 16,53 0.3 Berna et al. 1989 Max. 66 0-20 Waters et al. 1989 Max. 145 0-8 Holt et al. 1992 Max. 250 1-7 Ward et al. 1989 22.4 0.7, 3.1 Prats et al. 1993 * Typical values after a test period ** See article for full citations Remarks: The range of LAS concentrations in sludge rarely exceeds 30,000 mg/kg dw. The range of LAS concentrations in sludge-amended soil also is low. Reference: Cavalli, L., and Valtorta, L. Surfactants in sludge-amended soil. Tenside Surfactants Detergents 36:22-28. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (q) Type of Measurement: Background [ ]; At contaminated site [ ]; Other [X] Coastal waters and harbor sediments with municipal and industrial discharge Medium: marine sediments Test Substance: The chemical standard was a commercial LAS with a low dialkyltetralinsulfonates content (
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) described are not representative of European coastal sediments. Little or no macrofauna lives in such sediment, probably due to multistressor pressure. Reference: Petrovic, M., Fernandez-Alba, A.R., Borrull, F., Marce, R.M., Mazo, E.G., and Barcelo, D. 2002. Occurrence and distribution of nonionic surfactants, their degradation products, and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in coastal waters and sediments in Spain. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 21:37-46. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (r) Type of Measurement: Background [ ]; At contaminated site [ ]; Other [X] Coastal sediments in Bay of Cadiz, Spain Medium: Estuarine and marine sediments Method: Sediment samples were collected from seven stations (5 in the Bay of Cadiz, 2 in the Barbate River), representing a range of low, moderate, and high levels of chemical contamination. Samples were collected using a 0.025m 2 Van Veen grab sampler during winter and summer in the same year. LAS was measured using specific HPLC analytical techniques. Fourteen heavy metal contaminants were also measured. Concurrent sediment toxicity tests were also conducted in which the rate of burial for clams (Ruditipes philippinarum) was measured over 48 hours and the survival of amphipods (Microdeutopus gryllotalpa) was measured over 10 days of exposure to whole sediments. Results: LAS concentrations in the sediment ranged from 1.2-26.7 mg/kg dw in the summer and 1.2-62.1 mg/kg dw in the winter. Five of the 7 stations had LAS concentrations < 2.6 mg/kg dw. Remarks: No mortality was observed in the clam toxicity studies. Clam burial was fastest in the uncontaminated sites (e.g., ET50 = 0.01-0.76 hours in winter), intermediate in moderately polluted sites (e.g., ET50 = 0.92-1.29 hours in winter), and slowest in highly polluted sites (e.g., ET50 > 48 hours in winter).The highest survival in the amphipod studies was in the uncontaminated site (85% survival) and the lowest survival was in the highly polluted site (16% survival). LAS is the only organic component of untreated sewage discharges considered, and sediment contaminants also included high levels of Ag and Pb. Reference: DelValls, T.A., Forja, J.M. and Gomez-Parra, A. 2002. Seasonality of contamination, toxicity, and quality values in sediments from littoral ecosystems in the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Spain). Chemosphere. 46:1033-1043. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (s) Type of Measurement: Background [ ]; At contaminated site [ ]; Other[X]; Coastal sediments in Denmark Medium: marine sediments Method: Two core samples of 1 meter length were taken in the Baltic Sea, one in the inner Stockholm archipelago, and one north of Gotland, in the autumn of 2000. Sediment samples were also taken from five locations in Haderslev Fiord on December 20, 2000. On April 3, 2001, samples were taken from five locations each in Vejle and Kolding Fiords. All samples were analyzed for total alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), and if possible, branched (branched dodecylbenzene sulfonates (BDS)) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates separately. In addition, soap and volatile solids were analyzed separately. Results: Danish marine sediments are not generally contaminated with LAS. The levels of health sediments are near or below detection limits. The concentration of LAS in soft sediments of the Baltic Sea along the Swedish coast is
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