LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) Remarks: All data were from tests conducted on commercial LAS with C10-13 alkyl chains and average carbon lengths of C11.6 and C11.8. The NOEC values have been normalized using QSARs to the average structure of C11.6 LAS. Reference: 1) Temara, A., Carr, G., Webb, S., Versteeg, D. and Feijtel, T. 2001. Marine risk assessment: Linear alkylbenzenesulphonates (LAS) in the North Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:635-642. 2) van de Plassche, E.J., DeBruijn, J.H.M., Stephenson, R.R., Marshall, S.J., Feijtel, T.C.J., and Belanger, S.E. 1999. Predicted no-effect concentrations and risk characterization of four surfactants: Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, alcohol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylated sulfates, and soap. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 18: 2653-2663. Reliability: 4 Not assignable. This study was given a reliability score of 4 because the original reports reviewed by the authors were not directly reviewed in the compilation of this robust summary. (u) Type: static [ ]; semi-static [X]; flow-through [ ]; other [ ]; open-system [ ]; closed-system [ ] Species: Mytilus galloprovincialis (marine mussel) Endpoints: Other. filtration rate, oxygen uptake, nitrogen excretion Exposure period: 7 days Results: NOEC = 32.19 mg/kg dry weight (geometric mean of initial [132 mg/L] and final [7.85 mg/L] LAS concentration) Analytical Monitoring: Yes Method: Thirty mussels (5.8 cm average main axis length) collected from a mussel cultivation area of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy were divided into groups of 10 and placed in net tubes in a 60-L tank for 7 days in contact with 50 mg/L continuously suspended LAS-spiked sediments. Mussels were fed an algal suspension and water, food, and sediment were renewed daily. Filtration rate was determined twice a day (immediately before and after water changes) as defined by the volume of water cleared of algal particles/animal/hour. Faeces were collected daily and pooled for analysis of LAS concentrations by HPLC. Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates were determined at the end of each treatment. GLP: Yes [ ] No [X] ? [ ] Test substance: Commercial LAS; likely average alkyl chain length = C11.6 Remarks: No significant differences in survival or physiological responses between treatments and controls were observed. The LAS concentration in treated sediments decreased by about 90% over the duration of the study (mean 132 mg/kg at initiation to mean 7.85 mg/kg at completion). Reference: Marin, M.G., Pivotti, L., Campesan, G., Turchetto, M. and Tallandini, L. 1994. Effects and fate of sediment-sorbed linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) on the bivalve mollusk Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk. Wat. Res. 28:85-90. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (v) Type of test: static [ ]; semi-static [ ]; flow-through [X]; open-system [ ]; closed-system [X]; not stated [ ] Species: Chironomus riparius (Insecta, Midge) Endpoint: Emergence Exposure period: Approximately 24 day Results: NOEC = 319 ppm in sediment LOEC = 993 ppm in sediment Analytical monitoring: Yes [X] No [ ] ? [ ] UNEP PUBLICATIONS 222
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) Method: Tests were conducted as an aqueous fraction in the presence of sediment. Natural stream sediments (71% clay, 19% fine silt, 4% medium sand, 6% fine sand) were collected from a pristine site in Rapid Creek, SD. Before testing, wet sediment was autoclaved for 40-60 minutes to reduce microbial populations and minimize initial rates of surfactant biodegradation. LAS was added to a sediment slurry at a nominal concentration and stirred overnight, then 350 g was poured into each test chamber and allowed to settle. The organic carbon content of the test sediment was 4.2% prior to testing. A flow-through diluter system delivered test material in water to glass containers with 120-140 cm 2 bottom surface area each. Test concentrations were control, 8, 42, 146, 319, and 993 ppm. Intact egg masses were incubated in Petri dishes containing 20-30 mL of dilution water at 22 °C until hatching commenced. Newly hatched larvae were allowed to mature 72 hours before testing. Twenty larvae were randomly distributed to each duplicate test chamber for each of five test concentrations plus the controls. Larvae were fed daily until emergence of the first adult in each chamber. Tests were continued until each midge emerged as an adult or larvae were determined to be dead. The number of winged adults was recorded daily. The average test duration was 24 days. Total hardness, pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature were monitored frequently during the test. GLP: Yes [ ] No [] ? [X] Test substance: C11.8 LAS; 30.4% activity; mean molecular weight = 346 Remarks: Adults typically emerged 12-14 days after hatching. Control values for adult emergence were similar to or exceeded the historical average observed in their laboratory (>90%). Percent emergence was 98, 95, 90, 90, 90, and 73 for the control, 8, 42, 146, 319, and 993 ppm concentrations, respectively. For comparison, additional flow-through studies were conducted without sediment (see 4.5.2 (o)). Results indicate that sorption onto sediment significantly mitigates LAS bioavailability. Reference: Pittinger, C.A., Woltering, D.M., and Masters, J.A. 1989. Bioavailability of sediment-sorbed and aqueous surfactants to Chironomus riparius (midge). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 8:1023-1033. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions. 4.6 TOXICITY TO TERRESTRIAL ORGANISMS 4.6.1 TOXICITY TO SOIL DWELLING ORGANISMS (a) Species/Endpoints: See table Results: The following table shows the available NOEC, EC10 and EC50 values for eleven soil dwelling invertebrate species (in mg/kg dry weight). Species Endpoint NOEC EC10 EC50 Eisenia foetida Reproduction 383 558 Lumbricus terrestris Weight 667 Aporrectodea caliginosa Reproduction 14 129 Aporrectodea longa Reproduction 27 137 Folsomia fimetaria Reproduction 96 442 Folsomia candida Reproduction 18 91 Hypoaspis aculeifer Reproduction 81.7 236 Enchytraeus albidus Reproduction 6.2 40.5 Platynothrus peltifer Reproduction 320 467 Isotoma viridis Growth 41 UNEP PUBLICATIONS 223
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LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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