LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) Total 42 68 71 Gills 4 49 33 Urine 26 7 11 Faeces+ Skin 12 12 27 C02
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) Dominating species (genera) are: Scenedesmus, Selenastrum, Daphnia, Gammarus, Lepomis, Pimephales and Carassius (71% of the 586 records). 34 of the 93 species are marine species. -LAS does not have a specific mode of action for different species. The variability in the sensitivity between species is comparable to the variability within a species. -The acute to chronic ratio is approximately a factor 5. -The mean LC50 of all species is 5.5 mg/L. -The mean NOEC (chronic) of all species is 0.8 mg/L. -A quantitative structure activity relationship for chain length was determined for fish and crustaceans, longer chain lengths corresponding to higher toxicity. The bioavailability of adsorbed LAS molecules for aquatic organisms as midge larvae, daphnids and fish is assumed to be low, because observed toxicity thresholds in the presence of adsorbing material correspond to the calculated concentration of the fraction LAS dissolved and the toxicity data for the completely dissolved substance (Pittinger et al., 1989). Reference: 1) BKH. 1993. The use of existing toxicity data for estimation of the Maximum Tolerable Environmental Concentration of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate, Part I: Main report; Part II: Data base. Study carried out for ECOSOL, BKH Consulting Engineers, Delft, NL. 2) Hand, V.C., Rapaport, R.A., Pittinger, C.A. 1990. First validation of a model for the adsorption of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate to sediment and comparison to chronic effects data. Chemosphere 21(6):741-750. 3) Pittinger, C.A., Woltering, D.M., and Masters, J.A. 1989. Bioavailability of sediment sorbed and aqueous surfactants to Chironomus riparius (midge). Environm. Toxicol. Chem. 8:1023-1033. Reliability: 4 Not assignable (b) Results: Neither LAS nor its sulfophenylcarboxylate degradation products displayed any estrogenic effects. Remarks: A recombinant yeast estrogen screen using Saccharomycea cerevisiae was employed to determine the potential estrogenic activity of LAS and its degradation products. Reference: Routledge, E.J. and Sumpter, J.P. 1996. Estrogenic activity of surfactants and some of their degradation products assessed using a recombinant yeast screen. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15:241-248. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (c) Type: Endocrine Disruption Results: In the yeast screen, no statistical differences in absorbance were induced in any concentration of either of the three substances. In the hepatocyte assay, no increase in the concentration of Vg over the concentration of the controls was observed for LAS or any other three test substances. Results of both assays indicate that no estrogenic effects occurred after exposure to LAS or two of its biodegradation intermediates (SPC5 and SPC11). Method: LAS, SPC5, or SPC11 were prepared in sterile distilled water and added to the culture media. Two in vitro screening assays for measurement of estrogenic activity were used: 1) the ER assay, with the recombinant yeast screen, and 2) the vitellogenin assay, with hepatocytes. ER was used as the positive control. Serial dilutions of the test compounds were used, with the maximum concentrations used in the hepatocytes assay were 150 µM (50 mg/L) for LAS, 25 µM (7.4 mg/L) for SPC5, and 200 µM (72.8 mg/L) for SPC11. Test Substance: 1) LAS-C11, 47% a.i., supplied by Petroquimica Espanola S.A. UNEP PUBLICATIONS 249
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LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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