LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

More documents

Recommendations

Info

OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) LOEC = 1.0 mg/L Analytic Monitoring: Yes [ ]; No [ ]; ? [X] Method: ASTM. 1984. Standard Practice for Conducting Toxicity Tests with Microalgae, Draft #7, Philadelphia, PA. Algae were exposed to the test material for four days, after which cell counts were made. The EC50 value was calculated using the method of Larson and Schaefer. Assumed 1 x 10 4 cells/mL because ASTM protocol, but not reported. GLP: Yes [ ]; No [X]; ? [ ] Test Substance: C11.8 LAS; MW = 345; technical grade LAS from P&G Remarks: The first significant effect concentrations were between 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L. Mean test temperature was 23.6 (21.2-25.6 °C). Total mean water hardness was 137 mg/L as CaCO3. The pH range was 6.8 to 7.2. Mean dissolved oxygen was 9.1 mg/L. Results of the laboratory studies were compared with enclosure studies conducted with natural phytoplankton assemblages. Concentrations in the enclosures that first altered community structure were found to be between 27 and 108 mg/L. The EC50 value reported represents the lowest acute value for algal species for which a report or publication was available. This is a key study for aquatic toxicity to algae (see SIAR Tables 10 and 12). Reference: 1) Lewis, M.A. 1986. Comparison of effects of surfactants on freshwater phytoplankton communities in experimental enclosures and on algal population growth in the laboratory. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5:319-332. 2) Lewis, M.A. and Hamm, B.G. 1986. Environmental modification of the photosynthetic response of lake plankton to surfactants and significance to a laboratory-field comparison. Wat. Res. 20:1575-1582. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (b) Species: Selenastrum capricornutum and Scenedesmus subspicatus Endpoint: Biomass [ ]; Growth rate [X ]; Other [ ] Results: ErC50 values ranged from 29 to 35.5 for S. capricornutum (two records) ErC50 values ranged from 82 to 163 mg/L for S. subspicatus (three records) Test Substance: C10-13 LAS (CAS #68411-30-3) Remarks: A total of 13 algae studies originally were reviewed by HERA in 2004. Eight of these studies were rejected because the test material was not commercial LAS, the study deviated significantly from standard protocols, or non-standard endpoints were measured. The remaining five studies were evaluated for reliability and the results reflect the range of acute ErC50 values obtained for the two most commonly tested algal species. These studies are tabulated and discussed further in the SIAR and SIAP in a weight-of-evidence approach. A robust summary for the study with the lowest acute ErC50 value was prepared (see Lewis 1986 above). Reference: HERA-LAS team, May 2004; see SIAR Annex 2. Reliability: 4 Not assignable. This study is given a reliability score of 4 because it is a summary evaluation of a series of studies conducted by other researchers. (c) Species: Chlamydomonas reinhardi, Chlorella kessleri, Microcystis sp., Plectonema boryanum, Scendesmus subspicatus, Selenastrum sp. (algae) Results: NOEC (C. reinhardi) = 12 mg/L (1 record) NOEC (C. kessleri) = 3.5 mg/L (1 record) NOEC (Microcystis sp.) = 0.80 mg/L (4 records) NOEC (P. boryanum) = 15 mg/L (1 record) NOEC (S. subspicatus) = 7.7 mg/L (4 records) UNEP PUBLICATIONS 188
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) NOEC (Selenastrum sp.) = 3.8 mg/L (9 records) Test Substance: LAS normalized to C11.6 Remarks: Geometric mean NOEC values for number of records listed for each species. Reference: van de Plassche, E.J., de Bruijn, J.H.M., Stephenson, R.R., Marshall, S.J., Feijtel, T.C.J. and Belanger, S.E. 1999. Predicted no-effect concentrations and risk characterization of four surfactants: LAS, AE, AES, and soap. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 18:2653-2663. Reliability: 4 This study was given a reliability score of 4 because the original reports reviewed by the authors were not directly reviewed in the compilation of this robust summary. (d) (Scenedesmus) Species: Scenedesmus subspicatus (Algae) Endpoint: Biomass [ ]; Growth rate [X ]; Other [ ] Exposure period: 72 hour Results: The 72-hr EC50 values were 240, 163, and 54.3 mg/L for the C11, C11.6, and C13 LAS, respectively. Other endpoints not determined. Analytical monitoring: Yes [ ] No [X] ? [ ] Method: OECD 201 Algal growth inhibition test. 1984. The test media recommended by AFNOR was used. All water quality parameters were maintained within acceptable ranges in compliance with the test protocol. Initial cell concentrations were 1 x 10 4 cells/mL. Final cell counts not reported. open-system [X]; closed-system [ ] GLP: Yes [X] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: Three different alkyl chain lengths of LAS (C11, C11.6, C13), with the following homologue distributions: Alkyl Chain Length Distributions (%) LAS C11 LAS C11.6 LAS C13 C14 -- -- 0.3 LAS MW (as Na-LAS) 334 343 363 Remarks: German strain of S. subspicatus from the University of Gottingen. Other endpoints were not reported. Reference: Verge, C. and Moreno, A. 1996a. Toxicity of anionic surfactants to green microalgae “Scenedesmus subspicatus” and “Selenastrum capricornutum.” Tenside Surf. Det. 33:166-168. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (e) Species: Scenedesmus subspicatus (Algae) Endpoint: Biomass [ ]; Growth rate [X ]; Other [ ] Exposure period: 72 hour UNEP PUBLICATIONS 189
Page 1 and 2:
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFO
Page 3 and 4:
Page 5 and 6:
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138: OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFO
Page 187: OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFO
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Page 345 and 346:
Page 347 and 348:
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357:
show all

LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?