LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) containers (as described for springtails). Ten female and five male H. aculeifer (16-19 days old) were added to each test container together with 100 F. fimetaria (16-19 days old) serving as prey for the mites. Incubation and extraction of mite offspring followed the same procedure as described for springtails. A natural sandy, agricultural soil was used for all tests, rather than synthetic test soil. Nominal concentrations of LAS for some tests were verified by chemical analysis using HPLC. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [X] Test substance: C10-13 LAS was obtained as an aqueous sodium salt solution with an active matter concentration of 16.1% (w/w), average molecular weight = 342 g/mol, distribution of the linear alkyl chains: C10 14%, C11 34%, C12 31%, and C13 21%; average alkyl chain length = C11.6 Remarks: Toxic effects on reproduction and growth were revealed when the concentration in soil exceeded 40 to 60 mg/kg dry weight. Reproduction was approximately fourfold more sensitive in earthworms and enchytraeids than in springtails and mites. It is argued that this difference in sensitivity is related to the dependency of soil pore water, which is high in the annelids but comparatively low in the arthropods. It should be noted that these studies report worst case exposures due to the use of a sandy test soil and the fact that LAS was added as an aqueous solution to the soil. In addition, too few replicates were used for the ECx approach (e.g., 1000 mg/kg NOEC = 250 mg/kg soil dw Method: OECD Guideline 207, 1984. Ten adult worms (mean wt. 0.66 g/animal) were placed into each of four glass jars per concentration with soil comprised of 70% 5010 grade silica sand, 20% kaolinite clay, and 10% finely ground sphagnum peat. Nominal test concentrations in the soil were 1000, 500, 250, 125, 63 and 0 mg/kg dry weight. Temperature was maintained at 20 + /-2 o C with 24-hour continuous lighting at 600 lux. Earthworms were assessed for mortality, general health, body weight, and behavior after 7 and 14 days. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [X] Test substance: LAS (commercial blend) with average alkyl chain length C11.6 (typical of LAS chain lengths found in the environment). Remarks: No significant mortality was observed at the highest nominal concentration of 1000 mg/kg. A 33% and 23% reduction in body weight was observed at 100 and 500 mg/kg vs. a 14% reduction for the controls. Based on statistical analysis of the weight data, the no effect concentration was the nominal 250 mg/kg dose, which was confirmed by HPLC to be 235 mg/kg. Reference: Mieure, J.P., Waters, J., Holt, M. and Matthijs, E. 1990. Terrestrial safety assessment of LAS. Chemosphere 21:251-262. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions UNEP PUBLICATIONS 226
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) (d) Type : Artificial soil [X]; Filter paper [ ]; Other [ ] Species: Lumbricus terrestris (soil dwelling worm) Endpoint: Mortality [X]; Weight [X]; Other [ ] Exposure period: 14 day Results: LC50 >1333 mg/kg soil dw NOEC = 667 mg/kg soil dw Method: U.S.FDA Environmental Assessment Technical Guide No. 412, 1987. Ten adult earthworms (mean wt. 3.2 g/animal) were placed in each of four replicate one-gallon glass jars for each test concentration. Nominal test concentrations in the soil were 1333, 667, 333, 167, 84, and 0 mg/kg dry weight. Soil was comprised of 70% silica sand, 20% kaolinite clay, and 10% sphagnum peat. Rabbit faeces was added as food at 50 g/kg. Temperature was maintained at 13 + /-2 o C with 24 hour continuous lighting at 700-750 lux. Worms were assessed for mortality, general health, body weight, and behavior after 7 and 14 days. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [X] Test substance: LAS (commercial blend) with average alkyl chain length C11.6 (typical of LAS chain lengths found in the environment). Remarks: No statistically significant mortality was observed at the highest nominal concentration of 1333 mg/kg. Based on weight and burrowing behavior, the no effect concentration was the nominal 667 mg/kg dose, which was confirmed by HPLC to be 613 mg/kg. It should be noted that the continuous lighting prevented normal feeding, which normally occurs at night on the surface, and thus the test conditions and results should be considered highly conservative. Reference: Mieure, J.P., Waters, J., Holt, M., and Matthijs, E. 1990. Terrestrial safety assessment of LAS. Chemosphere 21:251-262. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (e) Type : Artificial soil [ ]; Filter paper [ ]; Other [X] Natural soil Species: Folsomia fimetaria (Collembola; springtails) Endpoint: Mortality [X]; Weight [X]; Other [X] molting rate, reproduction Exposure period: 21 days Results: Results are shown in the following table. All results are in mg/kg dry weight of soil. Endpoint NOEC LOEC LC10 or LC50 or EC10 EC50 Adult survival >1000 >1000 >1000 >1000 Juvenile survival 500 700 196 570 Reproductive output 500 1000 147 737 Juvenile growth
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LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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