LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) 156. Gard-Terech, A. and Palla, J.C. 1986. Comparative kinetics study of the evolution of freshwater aquatic toxicity and biodegradability of linear and branched alkylbenzene sulfonates. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 12:127-140. 157. Gejlsbjerg, B., Klinge, C., Samsoe-Petersen, L., and Madsen, T. 2001. Toxicity of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates and nonylphenol in sludge-amended soil. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 20:2709-2716. 158. Gerike, P., Holtmann, W. and Jasiak, W. 1984. A test for detecting recalcitrant metabolites. Chemosphere. 13:121-141. 159. Gerike, P., Winkler, K., Schneider, W. and Jakob, W. 1989. Residual LAS in German rivers. Tenside Surfactants Detergents. 26:136-140. 160. Geyer, H., Viswanathan, R., Freitag, D. and Korte, F. 1981. Relationship between water solubility of organic chemicals and their bioaccumulation by the alga Chlorella. Chemosphere. 10:1307- 1313. 161. Giger, W., Alder, A.C., Brunner, P.H., Marcomini, A., and Siegrist, H. 1989. Behaviour of LAS in sewage and sludge treatment and in sludge-treated soil. Tenside Surfactants Detergents. 26:95-100. 162. Gilbert, P.A. and Pettigrew, R. 1984. Surfactants and the environment. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 6:149-158. 163. Gledhill, W.E. 1975. Screening test for assessment of ultimate biodegradability: Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates. Applied Microbiology. 30:922-929. 164. Gledhill, W.E., Saeger, V.W., and Trehy, M.L. 1991. An aquatic environmental safety assessment of linear alkylbenzene. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 10:169-178. 165. Gloxhuber, C. and Kunstter, K. (eds.). 1992. Anionic Surfactants. Biochemistry, Toxicology, Dermatology, 2nd Ed. Marcel Dekker, New York. 166. Gonzalez-Mazo, E., Honing, M., Barcelo, D. and Gomez-Parra, A. 1997. Monitoring long-chain intermediate products from the degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in the marine environment by solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatograph/ionspray mass spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31:504-510. 167. Gonzalez-Mazo, E., Quiroga, J.M., Sales, D. and Gomez-Parra, A. 1997. Levels of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) in waters and sediments of the coastal ecosystems of the Gulf of Cadiz. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry. 59:77-87. 168. Granmo, A. 1972. Development and growth of eggs and larvae of Mytilus edulis exposed to a linear dodecylbenzenesulphonate, LAS. Marine Biology. 15:356-358. 169. Greim, H., Ahlers, J., Bias, R., Broecker, B., Hollander, H., Gelbke, H.-P., Klimisch, H.-J., Mangelsdorf, I., Paetz, A., Schon, N., Stropp, G., Vogel, R., Weber, C., Ziegler-Skylakakis, K. and Bayer, E. 1994. Toxicity and ecotoxicity of sulfonic acids: structure-activity relationship. Chemosphere. 28:2203-2236. 170. Greiner, P. and Six, E. 1997. Evaluation of the results of the LAS-monitoring in Germany. Tenside Surfactants Detergents. 34:250-255. 171. Grieve, A.M. and Pitman, M.G. 1978. Salinity damage to Norfolk Island pines caused by surfactants. III. Evidence for stomatal penetration as the pathway of salt entry to leaves. Aust. J. Plant. Physiol. 5:397-413. 172. Guhl, W. and Gode, P. 1989. Correlations between lethal and chronic/biocenotic effect concentrations of surfactants. Tenside Surf. Det. 26:282-287. UNEP PUBLICATIONS 334
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) 173. Gupta, B.N., Mathur, A.K., Agarwal, C., and Singh, A. 1986. Effect of synthetic detergent on certain enzymes in liver and kidney in male rats. Arogya-J. Health Sci. 12:50-54. 174. Haigh, S.D. 1996. A review of the interaction of surfactants with organic contaminants in soil. The Science of the Total Environment. 185:161-170. 175. Halvorson, H. and Ishaque, M. 1969. Microbiology of domestic wastes. III. Metabolism of LAStype detergents by bacteria from a sewage lagoon. Can. J. Microbiol. 15:571-576. 176. Hamwijk, C. 2002. Literature study: Exposure and possible indirect effects of aerosol borne surfactants on coastal vegetation. TNO Chemistry report, Study number 02-4077/01. Prepared for CEFIC ERASM. 177. Hand, V.C. and Williams, G.K. 1987. Structure-activity relationships for sorption of linear alkylbenzenesulfonates. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21:370-373. 178. Hand, V.C., Rapaport, R.A. and Pittinger, C.A.. 1990. First validation of a model for the adsorption of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) to sediment and comparison to chronic effects data. Chemosphere. 21:741-750. 179. Hansch, C. and Leo, A. 1979. Substitution Constants for Correlation Analysis in Chemistry and Biology. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. 180. Hansen, B., Fotel, F.L., Jensen, N.J. and Wittrup, L. 1997. Physiological effects of the detergent linear alkylbenzene sulphonate on blue mussel larvae (Mytilus edulis) in laboratory and mesocosm experiments. Marine Biology. 128:627-637. 181. Harrold, S.P. 1959. Denaturation of epidermal keratin by surface active agents. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 5:581-588. 182. Hatzi, E. 2001. Anaerobic degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS). Preliminary report. Department of Environment & Resources, DTU, Denmark. 183. Havermann, H. and Menke, K.H. 1959. Biological study of the water-soluble surface-active substances. Fette. Seifen. Anstrichmittel. 61:429-434. (in German); cited in IPCS. 1996. Environmental Health Criteria 169: Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates and Related Compounds. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Original article in Japanese. 184. Healey, P.L., Ernst, R. and Arditti, J. 1971. Biological effects of surfactants. II. Influence on the ultrastructure of orchid seedlings. New Phytol. 70:477-482. 185. Heinze, J.E. and Britton, L.N. 1994. Anaerobic biodegradation: environmental relevance. Pages 235-239 In: Cahn, A. (ed). Proceedings of the 3rd world conference on detergents: Global perspectives. AOCS Press, Champaign, Illinois. 186. Hendricks, M.H. 1970. Measurement of enzyme laundry detergent product dust levels and characteristics in consumer use. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 47:207-211. 187. Hennes, E.C. and Rapaport, R.A. 1989. Calculation and analytical verification of LAS concentrations in surface waters, sediment and soil. Tenside Surfactants Detergents. 26:141-147. 188. HERA. 2002. HERA-LAS Human and Environmental Risk Assessment: Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonates, LAS. CAS No. 68411-30-3, Draft #6, May 2002. 189. Hermann, R., Gerke, J. and Ziechmann, W. 1997. Photodegradation of the surfactants Nadodecylbenzenesulfonate and dodecylpyridinium-chloride as affected by humic substances. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 98:45-55. 190. Heywood, R., James, R.W. and Sortwell, R.J. 1978. Toxicology studies of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) in rhesus monkeys. I. Simultaneous oral and subcutaneous administration for 28 days. Toxicology. 11:245-250. UNEP PUBLICATIONS 335
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LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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