LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) Species Endpoint NOEC EC10 EC50 Hypogastrura assimilis Reproduction 99.8 421 Test Substance: LAS (unspecified) Remarks: Values were extracted from a variety of original references and compiled for this article. Reference: Jensen, J., Lokke, H., Holmstrup, M., Krogh, P.H. and Elsgaard, L. 2001. Effects and risk assessment of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in agriculture soil. 5. Probabilistic risk assessment of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in sludge-amended soils. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20:1690-1697. Reliability: 4 This study was given a reliability score of 4 because the original reports reviewed by the authors were not directly reviewed in the compilation of this robust summary. (b) Type : Artificial soil [ ]; Filter paper [ ]; Other [X] Sandy, agricultural soil Species: Enchytraeus albidus, Aporrectodea caliginosa, Aporrectodea longa, Folsomia fimetaria, Hypogastrura assimilis, and Hypoaspis aculeifer Endpoint: Mortality [X]; Weight [X]; Other [X] Reproduction Exposure period: 21 days (28 days for A. caliginosa and A. longa growth tests) Results: The following table shows the results of all tests. All values are nominal LAS concentrations in mg/kg dry weight. Species Parameter NOEC LOEC Enchytraeus albidus Aporrectodea caliginosa Aporrectodea longa Folsomia fimetaria Hypogastrur a assimilis Hypoaspis aculeifer Survival, adults Reproduction Survival, adults Cocoon production Survival, juveniles Growth, juveniles Survival, adults Cocoon production Survival, juveniles Growth, juveniles Survival, adults Reproduction 198 20 278 >793 >397 278 278 >793 397 79 >793 278 397 40 793 >793 >397 397 793 >793 793 278 >793 278 LC10 or EC10 194 6 329 14 >397 105 329 27 296 84 >793 85 LC50 or EC50 430 41 535 129 >397 354 535 137 517 349 >793 424 Reliability Rating Reproduction 79 278 99 421 1 Survival, adults Reproduction >793 278 >793 793 >793 82 >793 236 Rationale for Reliability Rating UNEP PUBLICATIONS 224 1 1 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 Draft ISO/WD 16387 protocol Comparable to ISO 11268-2 Deviations; limited cocoons Comparable to ISO 11268- 2, but with only weight measurement Comparable to ISO 11268-2 Deviations; limited cocoons Comparable to ISO 11268- 2, but with only weight measurement Comparable to ISO 11267 Comparable to ISO 11267 No guideline available Method: The effect of LAS on six species of soil invertebrates was determined using the following methods. Earthworm tests: No internationally accepted guideline is available for A. caliginosa and A. longa. For the reproduction tests, 1 kg dry weight of soil was carefully mixed with 160 mL of LAS solution using an electric mixer and filled into plastic pots. The six treatments consisted of one control and five concentrations of LAS and these treatments were randomly assigned to the experimental units. After 24-hour equilibration of the test soil, 3 (rather than
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) 10) earthworms were added to closed containers with perforated lids for ventilation. Approximately 5 g per worm were added after the test animals had been introduced. The containers were then incubated for 21 days in darkness and the contents were later wet sieved through a 1-mm mesh. Water content was adjusted after 14 days. For the growth test with juvenile A. caliginosa (2-3 weeks old), 60 g dry weight of soil were mixed with 9.6 mL of LAS solution with a spatula and filled into 160-mL polyethylene beakers with perforated lids for ventilation. The six treatments consisted of one control and five concentrations of LAS and these treatments were randomly assigned to the experimental units. After 24-hour equilibration of the test soil, one earthworm was added to each container. The beakers were incubated for 28 days in darkness and then the earthworms were recovered and their guts were cleared. The surviving animals were dried for 24 hours and their dry weight was recorded to the nearest 0.1 mg. The examination of the effects on growth of A. longa used the same method except the test period was 42 days. Enchytraeid test: The enchytraeid reproduction test followed a previously described protocol (draft ISO/WD 16387) using the potworm (Enchytraeus albidus). Forty grams dry weight of soil were mixed with 6.4 mL of LAS solution and filled into 160-mL beakers with perforated lids for ventilation. After 24-hour equilibration of the test soil, 10 adult E. albidus were added to each container and incubated in darkness for 21 days. After incubation, the surviving adult animals were removed from the soil. Now only containing cocoons, the soil was incubated in the beakers for another 21 days to allow development and hatching of the juveniles. After this period, the soil containing juveniles was stained with Bengal red, and water was added to facilitate counting of the juveniles. The test concentrations were not provided but can be estimated from Figure 5 to be 0, 20, 40, 80, 200 and 400 mg/kg with the numbers of adults surviving per replicate to be approximately 10, 10, 10, 10, 9, and 6, and the numbers of juveniles per replicate (reproduction) to be approximately 77, 50, 37, 21, 0, and 0, respectively. Springtail tests: No internationally accepted guideline is available for springtail reproduction. Effects of reproduction of F. fimetaria were determined using a method described by Wiles and Krogh. Twenty-seven grams dry weight of soil were mixed with 3 mL of LAS solution and filled into cylindrical test containers with lids. The bottom of the cylinder consisting of a 1-mm mesh to allow later extraction of the test animals. The mesh was covered with a layer of plastic film to prevent escape of the test animals. Adult, rather than juvenile, springtails were used. Ten male and ten female F. fimetaria (23-26 days old) were added to the test containers after 24-hour equilibration of the test soil. The containers were incubated for 21 days with 12:12 photoperiod (h). after incubation, the animals were extracted using MacFadyen high-gradient extraction and the number of offspring counted. The same procedure was used for the springtail species H. assimilis Krausbauer, using ten male and ten female adults (16-19 days old). The test concentrations were not listed but can be estimated from Figure 6 to be 0, 10, 25, 75, 275, and 800, with the numbers of adult surviving per replicate to be approximately 145, 155, 115, 110, 165, and 165 and the numbers of juveniles per replicate (reproduction) to be approximately 285, 275, 190, 145, 205, and 10. Predacious mite test: No internationally accepted guideline is available for mite reproduction. Effects on reproduction on the predacious mite (H. aculeifer) were examined according to a method described by Krogh and Axelsen. A total of 54 g dry weight of soil was mixed with 6 mL of LAS solution and filled into test UNEP PUBLICATIONS 225
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LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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