LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) Med. Soc. Toho, Japan. 25 (5-6):850-875 (in Japanese). Referenced in IPCS, Environmental Health Criteria 169. Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates and Related Compounds, WHO. Reliability: 4 This study is assigned a reliability score of 4 because the original report was not available for review. However, the study was evaluated by IPCS prior to inclusion in their criteria document. 5.1.2 ACUTE INHALATION TOXICITY Type: LC0 [ ]; LC100 [ ]; LC50 [ ]; LCL0 [ ]; Other [X] Approximate lethal concentration (ALC) Species/strain: Rat/Male Crl: CD (SD) BR Exposure time: single 4-hour period Value: 310 mg/m 3 of particulate Method: Groups of six male 8-week old rats were restrained in perforated, stainless steel cylinders with conical nose pieces. Exposure was nose-only to an aerosol atmosphere for 4 hours. After exposure, rats were returned to their cages and observed for clinical signs for 14 days. Mean measured concentrations in the test chambers were 65, 120, 260, and 310 mg/m 3 . Chamber temperature ranged between 25-26 o C. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [X] Test substance: LAS (CAS #25155-30-0); activity 98% Remarks: The ALC is defined as the lowest atmospheric concentration generated that caused death in 1 or more rats either on the day of exposure or within 14 days post exposure. No mortality occurred at concentrations up to 260 mg/m 3 . At 310 mg/m 3 , one rat died during exposure and 2 rats died one day post exposure. The test material is considered moderately toxic by inhalation. However, it is important to note that this laboratory exposure is not representative of the possible LAS exposure during actual use. In this study, animals were given high exposures to respirable-sized particles (MMAD at 310 mg/m 3 = 2.5 microns). Spray products containing LAS are designed to produce large particle sizes. These large particles are needed for efficient delivery of the spray to the surface being cleaned. This results in particle sizes that are much larger than the respirable particle sizes used in testing and therefore would not be able to reach far into the lungs where effects could occur. Given this lack of relevance to real-world exposure potential, the use of this study for risk assessment purposes is limited. Reference: Kinney, L.A. 1985. Approximate lethal concentrations (ALCs) by inhalation of sodium lauryl sulfate & sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Dupont Haskell Laboratory Report No. 474-84. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions 5.1.3 ACUTE DERMAL TOXICITY (a) Type: LD0 [ ]; LD100 [ ]; LD 50 [X]; LDL0 [ ]; Other [ ] Species: Rat, CFY (Sprague-Dawley origin); male and female Value: >2000 mg/kg bw Method: OECD Guideline 402. Five male and five female rats were exposed to 2000 mg/kg in a limit test. The test substance was applied to clipped intact skin in the dorso-lumbar region and covered with gauze held in place with an impermeable dressing. The dressing was removed after 24 hours and the treated area of the skin washed with warm water and blotted dry. Observations for dermal irritation were made daily for 14 days. UNEP PUBLICATIONS 256
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) GLP: Yes [X] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: Alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium salt (designated as P-500 N-Na). activity 47%. Average alkyl chain length = C11.2. Yellow, viscous liquid. Remarks: There were no deaths or signs of a systemic reaction following a single dermal application at 2000 mg/kg bw. Well defined or slight erythema and slight oedema were observed at all test sites after removal of the occlusive dressing on Day 2. All test sites were entirely covered by scab formation from Day 7. Sloughing from the scabbed skin began at various times between Day 7 and Day 12 and was completed before termination. Low bodyweight gains or loss of body weight were recorded for one male and three females in Day 8. Two of the same females and a third female also showed low bodyweight gain between Days 8 and 15. Reference: Kynoch, S.R. 1986b. Acute dermal toxicity to rats of P-500 N-Na. Huntingdon Research Center. Report No. 86718D/PEQ 8/AC. Reliability: 1 Valid without restriction (b) Type: LD0 [ ]; LD100 [ ]; LD 50 [X]; LDL0 [ ]; Other [ ] Species/strain: New Zealand white rabbit Value: > 200 mg/kg and < 316 mg/kg Method: Acute Skin Absorption Minimal Lethal Dose Test The test substance was applied as a 30% aqueous solution and the doses of the solution administered were 126, 200, 316, 501, 794, 1260, 2000, 3160 and 5010 mg/kg. The doses were administered to a closely clipped area of intact skin of male and female rabbits (1 animal/dose). The treated areas were covered with plastic strips and the animals were placed in wooden stocks for up to twenty-four hours. After the twenty-four hours the animals were assigned to individual cages. Observations of toxic signs were recorded daily and the viscera of the test animals were examined macroscopically. GLP: Yes [ ] No [X] ? [ ] Test substance: Sodium sulfonate of linear alkylbenzene (Alkylate-225; C9 1%; C10 7%, C11 25%, C12 48%, C13 19%, C14 1%; average alkyl chain length = C11.9) Remarks: The test substance was classified as moderately toxic. Animals exposed dermally to 126 and 200 mg/kg survived for the 14 day study duration. Survival time for animals receiving all other doses ranged from two to eight days. The toxic signs included reduced appetite and activity, increasing weakness, collapse and death. The autopsy revealed hemorrhagic lungs, liver discoloration, enlarged gall bladder, and gastrointestinal inflammation. The animals that survived were sacrificed fourteen days after dosing. In these animals the viscera appeared normal by macroscopic examination. Reference: Monsanto Company. 1971. Linear alkylbenzene sodium sulfonate – Alkylate 225 Lot CC 6450 – Acute toxicity screen. Project No. Y-71-119. Unpublished report. Reliability: 4 (insufficient animals per dose of mixed sex, etc.) (c) Type: LD0 [ ]; LD100 [ ]; LD 50 [X]; LDL0 [ ]; Other [ ] Species/strain: New Zealand white rabbit Value: > 631 mg/kg and < 1000 mg/kg Method: Acute Skin Absorption Minimal Lethal Dose Test The test substance was applied as a 20% aqueous solution and the doses of the solution administered were 200, 316, 631, 1000, 1260, 2000 and 3160 mg/kg. The doses were administered to a closely clipped area of intact skin of male and female rabbits (1 animal/dose). The treated areas were covered with plastic strips and the animals were placed in wooden stocks for up to twenty-four hours. After the twenty-four hours the animals were assigned to UNEP PUBLICATIONS 257
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LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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