LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) due to the application of high LAS concentrations only occasionally encountered in sewage sludge, the use of LAS-spiked sludge possible overestimating the actual bioavailability relative to aged surfactants in natural sludge, the application of relatively large (4 x 4 cm) two dimensional sludge bands possible retarding oxygen intrusion and consequently LAS degradation in the sludge relative to smaller spherical sludge clumps present under more realistic field conditions, and the use of a coarse, sandy soil with relatively low organic matter content. While NOEC, LOEC, EC50, etc. were not calculated, significant differences from the control sludge were detected in the high (31.3. g/kg dw sludge) and in the low (7.1 g/kg dw sludge) treatments. Therefore, the NOEC should be
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) soil microorganisms. The extracellular β-glucosidase activity was rather insensitive to LAS (EC10, 47 mg/kg dry weight), whereas the basal soil respiration was not inhibited even at 793 mg/kg dry weight. This was interpreted as a combined response of inhibited and stimulated compartments of the microbial community. The PLFA content showed no decrease even at 488 mg/kg. Analytical monitoring: Yes [X] No [ ] ? [ ] Method: The short-term effects of aqueous LAS on microbial parameters was tested in a sandy agricultural soil that was incubated for up to 11 days. The assays included 10 microbial soil parameters: ethylene degradation; potential ammonium degradation; potential dehydrogenase activity; β-glucosidase activity; iron reduction; populations of cellulolytic bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes; the basal soil respiration; and the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) content. Soil from the plough layer was sampled at an agricultural field at Lundgaard, Denmark. The soil consisted of coarse sand (67%), fine sand (16%), silt (8.6%), clay (6.2%), humus (2.7%) and had a total carbon content of 1.5%. The soil had not been treated with sewage sludge and had not been sprayed with pesticides in the last two years. For the experiments with aqueous LAS, triplicate soil incubations were amended with the appropriate LAS solutions to produce the LAS contents. The soils were carefully mixed and incubated in the dark and duplicate soil samples for LAS analyses were frozen at the beginning of the incubation period. EC10 and EC50 values were calculated by a linear-interpolation analysis (ICp), which was based on bootstrapping. The NOECs and LOECs were determined by Dunnett’s test using a SAS analysis-of-variance procedure. Nominal concentrations were control, 8, 22, 62, 174 and 488 mg/kg dw soil, except for BR (control, 0.8, 8, 79 and 793 mg/kg dw soil). On average, 84 to 95% of the nominal concentrations were initially recovered by the chemical analysis. Nominal levels were used for the calculation of effect concentrations. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [X] Test substance: C10-13 LAS obtained as an aqueous sodium salt solution with a LAS content of 16.1% (w/w), Na-LAS average molecular weight = 342 g/mol, distribution: C10 14%, C11 34%, C12 31%, and C13 21% Remarks: The study demonstrated that LAS inhibited specific compartments of the soil microbial community. The lowest EC10 values for microbial soil parameters were slightly higher than the predicted no-effect concentrations recently derived for plants and soil fauna (~5 mg/kg dry weight). A subsequent study (Elsgaard et al. 2001, Part 2) further indicated that the short-term effects observed for aqueous LAS on soil microbiology were modified by the dosage of LAS with sewage sludge and by a prolonged incubation time. The data suggest that a terrestrial risk assessment based on short-term affects of aqueous LAS fully encompasses the risk that may occur when LAS is applied to agricultural soil by means of sewage sludge. Reference: 1) Elsgaard, L., Petersen, S.O., and Debosz, K. 2001a. Effects and risk assessment of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in agricultural soil. 1. Shortterm effects on soil microbiology. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20:1656-1663. 2) Elsgaard, L., Petersen, S.O., and Debosz, K. 2001b. Effects and risk assessment of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in agricultural soil. 2. Effects on soil microbiology as influenced by sewage sludge and incubation time. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20:1664-1672. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions. Well documented publication, no GLP, ECx calculation not fully detailed. (f) Type: Outdoor experimental stream UNEP PUBLICATIONS 241
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LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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