LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) (o) (Golden Orfe) Type of test: static [X]; semi-static [ ]; flow-through [ ]; other [ ] open-system [X]; closed-system [ ] Species: Leuciscus idus (Fish, fresh water) (Golden orfe) Exposure period: 48 hour Results: LC50 = 4.6 mg/L Analytical monitoring: Yes [ ] No [X] ? [ ] Method: Determination of the effect of substance in water on fish, DIN 38412 part 15 GLP: Yes [ ] No [X] ? [ ] Test substance: C10-13 LAS, sodium salt (CAS #68411-30-3) Remarks: Information as cited in IUCLID Data Sheet for CAS #68411-30-3. Reference: European Commission. 2000a. Benzenesulfonic acid, C10-13-alkyl derivs., sodium salts. Year 2000 CD-ROM edition, citing Huels Study (unpublished). Reliability: 4 Not assignable. The original study was not available for review. (p) (Fathead minnow) Type of test: static [X]; semi-static [ ]; flow-through [ ]; other [ ] open-system [X]; closed-system [ ] not stated Species: Pimephales promelas (Fish, fresh water) Exposure period: 96 hour Results: LC50 = 4.6 mg/L Analytical monitoring: Yes [X] No [ ] ? [ ] Method: Ten fathead minnows were exposed for 96 hours to LAS under the following conditions: hardness 35 mg/L as CaCO3; pH 7.1; temperature 21 o C. Fish were not fed during the exposure. GLP: Yes [ ] No [X] ? [ ] Test substance: Low molecular weight LAS, sodium salt (CAS #68411-30-3); C10 5%, C11 27%, C12 53%, C13 13%, 2-phenyl 23%; average alkyl chain length = C11.1. Remarks: The carboxylated intermediates formed in the biodegradation of LAS were also tested and found to be several orders of magnitude less toxic than LAS. These intermediates undergo further biodegradation, more rapidly in a natural river water than in a synthetic medium. Reference: Swisher, R.D., Gledhill, W.E., Kimerle, R.A. and Taulli, T.A. 1978. Carboxylated intermediates in the biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS). VII International Congress on Surface Active Substance, Proceedings, Moscow, 1976 4:218-230. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (q) Type of test: static [X]; semi-static [ ]; flow-through [ ]; other [ ] open-system [X]; closed-system [ ] Species: Pimephales promelas (Fish, fresh water) Exposure period: 96 hour Results: LC50 = 4.1 mg/L Analytical monitoring: Yes [ ] No [X] ? [ ] Method: USEPA methods for acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians. Ecol. Res. Series. EPA-660/3-75-009. GLP: Yes [ ] No [X] ? [ ] Test substance: C10-13 LAS, average chain length 11.7 (CAS #68411-30-3) (C10 7.3%; C11 26.5%; C12 56.7%; C13 9.0%; C14 0.5%); Mean phenyl position = 3.9; Mean molecular weight = 345. Remarks: Acute tests were conducted at EG&G Bionomics from 1971 to 1976 with 2-3 month old fathead minnows in 20-L glass vessels with soft reconstituted water (hardness = 40 mg/L as CaCO3). Tests with LASs of average alkyl UNEP PUBLICATIONS 180
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) chain length of 11.2 and 13.3 were conducted concurrently, with the resultant 96 hour LC50 values of 12.3 and 0.86 mg/L, respectively. Reference: Holman, W.F. and Macek, K.J. 1980. An aquatic safety assessment of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS); chronic effects on fathead minnows. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 109(1):122-131. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (r) Type of test: static [X]; semi-static [ ]; flow-through [ ]; other [ ] open-system [X]; closed-system [ ] Species: Pimephales promelas (Fish, fresh water) Exposure period: 48 hour Results: The following table shows the acute toxicity of the tested materials (LC50, mg/L). High molecular weight LAS Individual homologues LAS Fathead minnow LC50 (mg/L) Average chain length 24 hour 48 hour 13.3 1.9 1.7 C10 10 48.0 43.0 C11 11 17.0 16.0 C12 12 4.7 4.7 C13 13 1.7 0.4 C14 14 0.6 0.4 Nonlinear LAS components (DTIS) C10 10 87.0 ± 7.5 86.1 ± 15.0 C12 12 24.8 ± 5.8 21.5 ± 5.5 C14 14 8.1 ± 5.1 5.3 ± 3.9 Model biodegradation intermediates C4 (SØ Butyrate) 4 ~10,000 ~10,000 C5 (SØ Valerate) 5 ~10,000 ~10,000 C11 (SØU) 11 85.9 ± 5.1* 76.6 ± 12.4* *Subsequent repurification of this sample yielded a product with the same isomeric composition but with LC50 values over 1000 mg/L for fatheads. Analytical monitoring: Yes [X] No [ ] ? [ ] MBAS Method: EPA-660/3-75-009 1975. Method for acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates and amphibians. Acute toxicity tests were conducted on high molecular weight LAS, individual pure homologues, non-linear LAS components (dialkyl tetralin or indane sulfonates, DTIS), and model biodegradation intermediates (sulfophenylundecane, SOU) in order to determine whether biodegradation decreases toxicity. Toxicity tests were conducted in 5 L of 100 mg/L hardness water using 5 fathead minnows per concentration. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [X] Test substance: 1) High molecular weight LAS: Average chain length = 13.3; C11 1%, C12 8%, C13 52%, C14 39% 2) Individual LAS homologues of C10, C11, C12, C13, and C14 3) Nonlinear LAS components (DTIS) 4) Model biodegradation intermediates UNEP PUBLICATIONS 181
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