LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) Results: The average Log Koc values over the four DHS materials (Aldrich-HA, Carlisle-WSOC, Carlisle-HA, and SRHA) for each LAS chain length tested are: Log Koc (C10 LAS): 4.02 L/kg Log Koc (C12 LAS): 4.83 L/kg Log Koc (C14 LAS): 5.49 L/kg The data for Ca-saturated Aldrich-HA was linear over the entire concentration range of DHS, whereas some curvatura was present in the data from the Ca-saturated SRHA, and considerable deviation from linearity was apparent in many of the Na-saturated DHS solutions. Test Substance: C10 LAS (98% purity), C12 LAS (93% purity), and C14 LAS (88% purity), each synthesized at Procter and Gamble. Uniformly 14 C-ring labeled C10-, C12- and C14-LAS were obtained from New England Nuclear and were 93.8, 96.3 and 92.5% pure, with specific activities of 26.6, 68.2, and 34.3 µCi/mg, respectively. Remarks: Good agreement was obtained with both of the analytical methods, indicating that both techniques can be used to quantify the effects of DHS on speciation of LAS in natural waters with certain limitations. LAS-DHS partition coefficients increased with increasing length of the alkyl chain in the LAS. These data indicate the significance of nonpolar forces in LAS-organic matter interactions. Good agreement was found between the partition coefficients obtained from the two analytical techniques and those calculated from the response of uptake and depuration studies conducted with fathead minnows. Reference: Traina, S.J., McAvoy, D.C. and Versteeg, D.J. 1996. Association of LAS with dissolved humic substances and its effect on bioavailability. Env. Sci. Technol. 30:1300-1309. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (d) Type: Adsorption [X]; Desorption [ ]; Volatility [ ]; Other [ ] Media: water - activated sludge Method: estimation of Kd with Freundlich equation Results: The Kd of commercial LAS was between 660 and 5200 L/kg (6 citations), dependant on organic carbon content and other characteristics of the solid phase. Remarks: Concentration in liquid phase between 1 and 80 mg/L. Reference: Painter, H.A. and Zabel, T.F. 1988. Review of the environmental safety of LAS. Wrc Medmendham, UK. Report No. CO 1659-M/1/EV 8658. Reliability: 4 Not assignable (e) Type: Adsorption [X]; Desorption [ ]; Volatility [ ]; Other [ ] Media: water - activated sludge and water - river sediment Method: Comparison of Kd for LAS C10 to C14 - Year 1982 Results: Adsorption coefficients (L/kg) in activated sludge and river sediment, respectively, for LAS homologues: C10: 220 and 41 C11: 1000 and 100 C12: 3070 and 330 C13: 9330 and 990 C14: 2950 (for river sediment – not determined for activated sludge) Remarks: Kd is highly dependent on the alkyl chain length of LAS with approximately a factor of 3 increase per carbon and on the position of the phenyl group on the alkyl chain. The organic carbon content is also an important factor, varying by a factor of 10 between activated sludge and river sediment. UNEP PUBLICATIONS 150
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) Reference: 1) Games, L.M. 1982. Field validation of exposure analysis modelling systems (EXAMS) in a flowing stream. Ch. 18. In: Dickson, K.L., Maki, A.W. and Cairns, J. (ed.). 1981. Modelling and Fate of Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment. 4th Meeting. Sci. Ann Arbor Michigan Pp. 325-346. 2) Painter, H.A. and Zabel, T.F. 1988. Review of the environmental safety of LAS. Wrc Medmendham, UK. Report No. CO 1659-M/1/EV 8658. Reliability: 4 Not assignable because no details of LAS concentration were provided. (f) Type: Adsorption [X]; Desorption [ ]; Volatility [ ]; Other [ ] Media: water - river sediments Method: estimation of Kd with Freundlich equation Results: Kd between 6 and 300 L/kg (5 citations), dependent on organic carbon content and other characteristics of the solid phase. Remarks: Concentration in liquid phase between 0.06 and 15 mg/L Reference: Painter, H.A. and Zabel, T.F. 1988. Review of the environmental safety of LAS. Wrc Medmendham, UK. Report No. CO 1659-M/1/EV 8658. Reliability: 4 Not assignable (g) Type: Adsorption [X]; Desorption [ ]; Volatility [ ]; Other [ ] Media: water - soil Method: estimation of Kd with Freundlich equation Results: Kd between 2 and 20 L/kg (3 citations), dependent on organic carbon content and other characteristics of the solid phase. Remarks: Concentration in liquid phase between 0.06 and 15 mg/L Reference: Painter, H.A. and Zabel, T.F. 1988. Review of the environmental safety of LAS. Wrc Medmendham, UK. Report No. CO 1659-M/1/EV 8658. Reliability: 4 Not assignable (h) Type: Adsorption [X]; Desorption [ ]; Volatility [ ]; Other [ ] Media: water - soil Method: compilation of KF data from other sources. The Fruendlich isotherm is a general sorption isotherm which describes sorption behaviour and often is used in studies of surfactant sorption. KF is the Fruendlich isotherm coefficient which expresses the affinity of a surfactant for a given solid sorbent. As shown in the equation and table below, the exponent n is a measure of isotherm non-linearity. For n approaching 1, the Freundlich model of sorption becomes equivalent to a linear sorption model. Cs = KF x Cw n Results: Log KF values for a selection of C12-LAS types is shown in the table below: Log KF n Sorbent Reference 1.7 1 EPA-B1 Hand and Williams (1987) 2.0 1 EPA-5 Hand and Williams (1987) 2.7 1 RC4 Hand and Williams (1987) 3.2 1 RC3 Hand and Williams (1987) ~0.1 1 different soils Ou et al. (1996) 2.8 1.15 marine sediment Rubio et al. (1996) 0.6 0.77 soil, clay loam(A) Abe and Seno (1985) 1.4 1.20 soil, clay loam(B) Abe and Seno (1985) 1.2 1.19 soil, sandy loam Abe and Seno (1985) UNEP PUBLICATIONS 151
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