LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) second day and exuviae were recorded and removed for a period of 20 days. Deviations from the subsequently developed ISO 11267 protocol included use of adults, use of 20 individuals instead of 10 per test chamber, and an exposure of 21 days instead of 28 days. GLP: Yes [ ] No [X] ? [ ] Test substance: Marlon A350 (CAS #68411-30-3) C10-13 LAS; 50% active substance; mean chain length of C11.53; mean molecular weight 344 Remarks: The most sensitive endpoint was reproduction (EC10 = 147 mg/kg dry weight). Nominal concentrations are derived from tables and figures since values were not listed directly in the text. While there were some deviations from the subsequently developed ISO 11267 protocol, the procedures are considered reliable. Reference: Holmstrup, M. and Krogh, P.H. 1996. Effects of an anionic surfactant, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, on survival, reproduction and growth of the soil-living collembolan, Folsomia fimetaria. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15:1745-1748. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions. Well documented publication, no GLP, ECx calculation not fully detailed. (f) Type : Artificial soil [ ]; Filter paper [ ]; Other [X] Natural soil Species: Folsomia candida (Collembola; springtails) and Enchytraeus albidus (potworm) Endpoint: Mortality [X]; Weight [ ]; Other [X] reproduction Exposure period: 4 to 6 weeks Results: The resulting EC50 values were very similar for the two species, as shown in the following table. All values are mg/kg dry weight. Species Endpoint NOEC LOEC LC10 or LC50 or F. candida E. albidus EC10 EC50 Adult survival 1000 2500 750 1338 Reproduction 500 1000 480 1437 Adult survival
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) sorption period. The sand was then mixed with sludge (0.3 g dry weight) and finally soil was mixed in with the sludge and sand. A sludge:soil ratio of 1:100 (dry weight basis) was used to avoid depletion of oxygen. Folsomia candida The springtail reproduction test was initiated with 10- to 12-day old juveniles and lasted 4 weeks. The resulting nominal LAS concentrations were 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2500, and 4000 mg/kg sludge-soil mixture. Ten juvenile F. candida were added to each of the 4 replicate vials per concentration containing 30 g (wet weight) of the sludge-soil mixture. The numbers of surviving adults and offspring were counted after 4 weeks. Enchytraeus albidus The enchytraeid worm reproduction test was initiated by introducing 10 worms with visible clitellum to each of 4 replicate vials per concentration. Nominal LAS concentrations were 750, 1500, 2250, and 3000 mg/kg sludgesoil mixture (dry weight). Test duration was six weeks. After 3 weeks, the adult worms were removed and counted. At 6 weeks, the number of offspring hatched from cocoons were counted. Microbiological tests The toxicity of LAS to microbiological processes was evaluated using one aerobic system (simultaneous determination of aerobic respiration and nitrification) and two anaerobic systems (denitrification and methanogenesis). Nominal LAS concentrations were 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2500 mg/kg mixture (dry weight) for both the aerobic and methanogenic systems, and 0, 250, 500, 1500, 300, and 5000 mg/kg (dry weight) in the dentrifying system. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [X] Test Substance: The test substance for soil invertebrates consisted of an aqueous sodium salt solution containing 14% (w/w) of 14 C-labeled C10-13 LAS (EniChem Augusta Industriale; purity 95%). The average alkyl chain length of C10-13 LAS was 11.6 and the distribution was C10 14%, C11 34%, C12 32% and C13 20%. A pure C12 LAS, 4-(2-dodecyl)benzene sulfonate sodium salt, was used in the microbiological tests. Remarks: Reproduction of E. albidus was the most sensitive endpoint (EC10 = 447 mg/kg dry weight). Danish laws stipulate a maximum cut-off value of 1300 mg/kg for LAS in sludge for agricultural use. Reference: Gejlsbjerg, B., Klinge, C., Samsoe-Petersen, L., and Madsen, T. 2001. Toxicity of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates and nonylphenol in sludgeamended soil. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20:2709-2716. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions. Well documented publication, comparable to ISO. 4.6.2 TOXICITY TO TERRESTRIAL PLANTS (a) Species/Endpoints: See table Results: The following table shows the available NOEC, EC10 and EC50 values for twelve terrestrial plant species (in mg/kg dry weight). Species Endpoint EC10 EC50 Brassica rapa Growth 134 Brassica rapa Growth 90 200 Malvia pusila Growth 204 Solanum nigrum Growth 169 UNEP PUBLICATIONS 229
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