LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) Methods: Species or ecosystem studied. Taxonomic groups tested were periphyton, detritus, invertebrates, snails, amphipods, and fish. One concentration was tested in triplicate. The substance was dosed eight times at seven day intervals. Test duration 45 days. Effects monitored: Population and community effects. Results: The best estimated NOEC is >0.36 mg/L. For fish (caged larval fathead minnows) no effects on mortality occurred at the only concentration tested. However growth was significantly decreased in the dosed systems. The authors state that this is caused by the better food and light conditions in the controls. Growth of periphyton, the degradation rate of detritus, population and community growth of invertebrates and the population density of snails were not inhibited at the only concentration tested. For Amphipods no NOEC could be determined. Mortality was highest (45%) at a control location. Chemical analysis: Concentrations were measured. Test Substance: LAS; average chain length C11.9 (representative of homologues found in typical sewage effluents in the U.S.). Reference: Fairchild, J.F., Dwyer, F.J., La Point, T.W., Burch, S.A., and Ingersoll, C.G. 1993. Evaluation of a laboratory-generated NOEC for linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in outdoor experimental streams. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12:1763-1775. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (g) Type: Outdoor ponds. Methods: Species or ecosystem studied: Outdoor ponds were used with three compartments (700 L each) with sediment. Taxonomic groups tested were phytoplankton, plants, cyclopedia, and cladocerans. Two concentrations were tested with no duplicates. Test duration 56 days and one year. Effects monitored: Population and community effects. Chemical analysis: The substance was dosed according to need. Results: For phytoplankton slight inhibition of photosynthesis and chlorophyll occurred at 5.0 mg/L. The best estimated NOEC was determined at slightly below 5 mg/L. For plants reduction of species number and composition and for cladocerans inhibition of development occurred at the highest concentration tested. The best estimated NOEC for these groups was 5.0 mg/L. The best estimated LOEC was 10 mg/L. For cyclopedia egg production was reduced at 5 mg/L. The best estimated NOEC was determined at 3.5 mg/L. The best estimated LOEC was 5 mg/L. For midge no NOEC could be determined. Survival was strongly reduced due to low oxygen concentrations and a high level of suspended solids. Substance: LAS; chain length is probably C12. Remarks: A concentration-effect relationship was found. Concentrations were measured. Data as reported by BKH, Huls, and Henkel in IUCLID dataset for CAS #90194-45-9 dated 19 February 2000. Reference: Huber, W., Zieris, F.J., Feind, D., and Neugebaur, K. 1987. Ecotoxicological evaluation of environmental chemicals by means of aquatic model ecosystems (Translation). Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie, Research Report (03-7314-0). Reliability: 4 Not assignable. Original report not available for review. (h) Type: Laboratory aquaria UNEP PUBLICATIONS 242
OECD SIDS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) Methods: The effect of LAS on the structure and function of microbial communities was studied in a flow-through model ecosystem containing several trophic levels. The LAS was applied to 19-L glass aquaria in either well water (Phase I) or sewage effluent (Phase II). In Phase I, duplicate chambers contained water and 2.5 cm lake sediment (Winton Lake, Cincinnati, OH) and several trophic levels (bacteria, algae, macrophytes [Elodea canadensis,Lemna minor], macroinvertebrates [Daphnia magna, Paratanytarsus parthenogenica], and fish [Lepomis macrochirus]). Chambers were allowed to equilibrate for about four weeks and then were exposed to 0.5 and 5.0 mg/L LAS. Flow rate in the proportional diluter delivered 6 to 10 replacement volumes per day. In Phase II, the aquaria were supplied with LAS in sewage effluent to simulate more closely the situation in an actual receiving stream. Sewage effluent was generated in a continuous activated sludge (CAS) unit and was adjusted to maintain 50 percent LAS degradation. Effluent from the CAS unit was then supplied to the test chambers at sewage dilutions of 3 and 30 percent to achieve nominal undegraded LAS concentrations of 0.5 and 5.0 mg/L, respectively. Test duration was 28 days. Microbial structure was estimated by measurements of total viable bacterial biomass as CFU/mL. Microbial function was estimated in Phase I by measuring the rates of oxygen consumption during the degradation of glucose and LAS. In Phase II, microbial function was assayed by radiochemical methods. Results: In Phase I, the structure of microbial communities was not affected, and no significant differences were reported in mean biomass or number of colonyforming units between the microorganisms exposed at the two levels. The mean total biomass calculated for all tanks and across all sampling points was about 3 x 10 5 CFU/mL. The function of the microbial communities was reduced only at 5.0 mg/L. In Phase II, no effect was seen on the structure of the microbial community, with mean CFU/mL in the low and high dose aquaria (0.9 x 10 5 and 1.4 x 10 5 , respectively) similar to the control aquaria (1.4 x 10 5 ). Also, no effects were observed microbial function in Phase II, which was measured only as the degradation of LAS. Therefore, the NOEC based on the most sensitive endpoint (microbial community function) is 0.5 mg/L. Substance: LAS; radiolabeled C 14 -LAS with chain length C12 (91% purity) plus unlabeled LAS with average chain length C11.6 (C10 9.7%, C11 27.9%, C12 54.4%, C13 8.0%; 95% purity) Remarks: Function assays in Phase II were based on LAS degradation only, since the Phase I results indicated that LAS degradation was the most sensitive indicator of toxic effect levels. Reference: Larson, R.J. and Maki, A.W. 1982. Effect of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate on the structure and function of microbial communities in model ecosystems. Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment: Fifth Conference, ASTM STP 766, Pearson, J.G., Foster, R.B., and Bishop, W.E., Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, pp. 120-136. Reliability: 2 Valid with restrictions (i) Type: Laboratory aquaria Methods: Two exposures were conducted. Phase I was designed to develop basic toxicological information. Phase II introduced partially degraded LAS contained within the effluent of a continuous activated sludge unit and was designed to to simulate real-world fate and effects for LAS. In Phase I, duplicate 19-L glass aquaria containing model ecosystems at four nominal concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg/L) contained water and 2.5 cm lake sediment (Winton Lake, Cincinnati, OH) and several trophic levels (bacteria, UNEP PUBLICATIONS 243
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LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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