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LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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OECD SIDS <strong>LINEAR</strong> <strong>ALKYLBENZENE</strong> <strong>SULFONATE</strong> (<strong>LAS</strong>)<br />

261. Knaebel, D.B., Federle, T.W. and Vestal, J.R. 1990. Mineralisation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate<br />

(<strong>LAS</strong>) and linear alcohol ethoxylate (LAE) in 11 contrasting soils. Envir. Toxicol. Chem. 9:981-988.<br />

262. Knaebel, D.B., Federle, T.W., McAvoy, D.C. and Vestal, J.R. 1996. Microbial mineralization of<br />

organic compounds in an acidic agricultural soil: Effects of preadsorption to various soil<br />

constituents. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 15:1865-1875.<br />

263. Knopp, P.V., Uhren, L.J., Rohlich, G.A. and Nichols, M.S. 1965. Field study of the removal of<br />

linear alkylate sulfonate detergents by the activated sludge process. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 42:867-<br />

873.<br />

264. Kobayashi, H., Ichikawa, H., Fujii, T., Yano, N., Konno, T., Hiraga, K., Nakamura, H., Watanabe,<br />

Y. and Mimura, S. 1973. Studies on toxicity of synthetic detergents. 1. Acute oral toxicity of linear<br />

and branched alkylbenzene sulfonate. Tokyo Toritsu Eisei Kenkyusho Kenkyu Nempo. 24:397-408.<br />

265. Koizumi, N., Ninomiya, R., Inoue, Y., Tsukamoto, T., Fujii, M. and Yamamoto, Y. 1985.<br />

Implantation disturbance with linear alkylbenzene sulphonate in mice. Arch. Environ. Contam.<br />

Toxicol. 14:73-81.<br />

266. Kolbener, P., Baumann, U., Leisinger, T. and Cook, A.M. 1995. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate<br />

(<strong>LAS</strong>) surfactants in a simple test to detect refractory organic carbon (ROC): Attribution of<br />

recalcitrants to impurities in <strong>LAS</strong>. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 14:571-577.<br />

267. Kolbener, P., Baumann, U., Leisinger, T. and Cook, A.M. 1995. Nondegraded metabolites arising<br />

from the biodegradation of commercial linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (<strong>LAS</strong>) surfactants in a<br />

laboratory trickling filter. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 14:561-569.<br />

268. Kretchmar, B. 1972a. Acute toxicity studies with XTW-1226. Report to The Procter & Gamble<br />

Company, IBT No. A1717.<br />

269. Kretchmar, B. 1972b. Acute toxicity studies with XTW-1227. Report to The Procter & Gamble<br />

Company, IBT No. A1717.<br />

270. Krisna Murti, G.S.R., Volk, V.V. and Jackson, M.L. 1966. Soil adsorption of linear alkylate<br />

sulfonate. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 30:685-688.<br />

271. Kuchler, T. and Schnaak, W. 1997. Behaviour of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (<strong>LAS</strong>) in sandy soils<br />

with low amounts of organic matter. Chemosphere. 35:153-167.<br />

272. Kuhnt, G. 1993. Behavior and fate of surfactants in soil. Environmental Toxicology and<br />

Chemistry. 12:1813-1820.<br />

273. Kujawa, M., Schnaak, W. and Kuchler, T. 1997. Occurrence of organic pollutants in sewage sludge<br />

and influence of surfactants on their mobility in amended soils. Presented at the specialty conference<br />

Management and Fate of Toxic Organics in Sludge Applied to Land. April 30 - May 2, 1997,<br />

Copenhagen, Denmark.<br />

274. Kula, H. and Larink, O. 1997. Development and standardization of test methods for the prediction<br />

of sublethal effects of chemicals on earthworms. Soil Biol. Biochem. 29:635-639.<br />

275. Kusk, K.O. and Petersen, S. 1997. Acute and chronic toxicity of tributyltin and linear alkylbenzene<br />

sulfonate to the marine copepod Acartia tonsa. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 16:1629-<br />

1633.<br />

276. Kutt, E.C. and Martin, D.F. 1974. Effect of selected surfactants on the growth characteristics of<br />

Gymnodinium breve. Marine Biology. 28:253-259.<br />

277. Kynoch, S.R. 1986a. Acute oral toxicity to rats: P-500 N-Na. Huntingdon Research Cener Report.<br />

No. 86546D/PEQ 7/AC.<br />

<strong>UNEP</strong> PUBLICATIONS 340

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