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LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) - UNEP Chemicals

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OECD SIDS <strong>LINEAR</strong> <strong>ALKYLBENZENE</strong> <strong>SULFONATE</strong> (<strong>LAS</strong>)<br />

156. Gard-Terech, A. and Palla, J.C. 1986. Comparative kinetics study of the evolution of freshwater<br />

aquatic toxicity and biodegradability of linear and branched alkylbenzene sulfonates. Ecotoxicology<br />

and Environmental Safety. 12:127-140.<br />

157. Gejlsbjerg, B., Klinge, C., Samsoe-Petersen, L., and Madsen, T. 2001. Toxicity of linear alkylbenzene<br />

sulfonates and nonylphenol in sludge-amended soil. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.<br />

20:2709-2716.<br />

158. Gerike, P., Holtmann, W. and Jasiak, W. 1984. A test for detecting recalcitrant metabolites.<br />

Chemosphere. 13:121-141.<br />

159. Gerike, P., Winkler, K., Schneider, W. and Jakob, W. 1989. Residual <strong>LAS</strong> in German rivers.<br />

Tenside Surfactants Detergents. 26:136-140.<br />

160. Geyer, H., Viswanathan, R., Freitag, D. and Korte, F. 1981. Relationship between water solubility<br />

of organic chemicals and their bioaccumulation by the alga Chlorella. Chemosphere. 10:1307-<br />

1313.<br />

161. Giger, W., Alder, A.C., Brunner, P.H., Marcomini, A., and Siegrist, H. 1989. Behaviour of <strong>LAS</strong> in<br />

sewage and sludge treatment and in sludge-treated soil. Tenside Surfactants Detergents. 26:95-100.<br />

162. Gilbert, P.A. and Pettigrew, R. 1984. Surfactants and the environment. International Journal of<br />

Cosmetic Science. 6:149-158.<br />

163. Gledhill, W.E. 1975. Screening test for assessment of ultimate biodegradability: Linear<br />

alkylbenzene sulfonates. Applied Microbiology. 30:922-929.<br />

164. Gledhill, W.E., Saeger, V.W., and Trehy, M.L. 1991. An aquatic environmental safety assessment<br />

of linear alkylbenzene. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 10:169-178.<br />

165. Gloxhuber, C. and Kunstter, K. (eds.). 1992. Anionic Surfactants. Biochemistry, Toxicology,<br />

Dermatology, 2nd Ed. Marcel Dekker, New York.<br />

166. Gonzalez-Mazo, E., Honing, M., Barcelo, D. and Gomez-Parra, A. 1997. Monitoring long-chain<br />

intermediate products from the degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in the marine<br />

environment by solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatograph/ionspray mass<br />

spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31:504-510.<br />

167. Gonzalez-Mazo, E., Quiroga, J.M., Sales, D. and Gomez-Parra, A. 1997. Levels of linear<br />

alkylbenzenesulfonate (<strong>LAS</strong>) in waters and sediments of the coastal ecosystems of the Gulf of Cadiz.<br />

Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry. 59:77-87.<br />

168. Granmo, A. 1972. Development and growth of eggs and larvae of Mytilus edulis exposed to a linear<br />

dodecylbenzenesulphonate, <strong>LAS</strong>. Marine Biology. 15:356-358.<br />

169. Greim, H., Ahlers, J., Bias, R., Broecker, B., Hollander, H., Gelbke, H.-P., Klimisch, H.-J.,<br />

Mangelsdorf, I., Paetz, A., Schon, N., Stropp, G., Vogel, R., Weber, C., Ziegler-Skylakakis, K. and<br />

Bayer, E. 1994. Toxicity and ecotoxicity of sulfonic acids: structure-activity relationship.<br />

Chemosphere. 28:2203-2236.<br />

170. Greiner, P. and Six, E. 1997. Evaluation of the results of the <strong>LAS</strong>-monitoring in Germany. Tenside<br />

Surfactants Detergents. 34:250-255.<br />

171. Grieve, A.M. and Pitman, M.G. 1978. Salinity damage to Norfolk Island pines caused by surfactants.<br />

III. Evidence for stomatal penetration as the pathway of salt entry to leaves. Aust. J. Plant. Physiol.<br />

5:397-413.<br />

172. Guhl, W. and Gode, P. 1989. Correlations between lethal and chronic/biocenotic effect<br />

concentrations of surfactants. Tenside Surf. Det. 26:282-287.<br />

<strong>UNEP</strong> PUBLICATIONS 334

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