15.09.2013 Views

Nouns and Noun Phrases - University of Macau Library

Nouns and Noun Phrases - University of Macau Library

Nouns and Noun Phrases - University of Macau Library

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

Determiners: articles <strong>and</strong> pronouns 751<br />

II. Scope over the containing noun phrase: contrastive constructions<br />

In contrastive contexts, geen may be used as a constituent negator. When the noun<br />

phrase is singular, geen usually alternates with niet een, as is illustrated in (208a),<br />

but when the noun phrase is plural the use <strong>of</strong> geen is the only option, as shown by<br />

the (b)-examples in (208).<br />

(208) a. Er is geen/niet een BRIEF gekomen maar een PAKJE.<br />

there is no/not a letter come but a parcel<br />

‘There came not a letter but a parcel.’<br />

b. Er zijn geen BRIEVEN gekomen maar een PAKJE.<br />

there are no letters come but a parcel<br />

b′. *Er zijn niet Ø/een BRIEVEN gekomen maar een PAKJE.<br />

there are not Ø/a letters come but a parcel<br />

Topicalization <strong>of</strong> a geen phrase expressing constituent negation, as in (209a), is at<br />

least marginally possible, <strong>and</strong> seems to lead to a better result than topicalization <strong>of</strong><br />

the negative adverb niet <strong>and</strong> its associate noun phrase.<br />

(209) a. ? Geen BRIEF heb ik geschreven maar een MEMO.<br />

no letter have I written but a memo<br />

‘I wrote not a letter but a memo.’<br />

b. ?? Niet een BRIEF heb ik geschreven maar een MEMO.<br />

not a letter have I written but a memo<br />

Using geen in contrastive contexts is excluded when the noun phrase functions as<br />

the complement <strong>of</strong> a PP. In fact, Haeseryn et al. (1997: 1657) noticed that geenphrases<br />

occur as the complement <strong>of</strong> PPs in idiomatic constructions only; see Section<br />

5.1.5.3 for more discussion.<br />

(210) a. Dat moet je niet met een KWAST verven, maar met een ROLLER.<br />

that must you not with a brush paint but with a roller<br />

‘You shouldn’t paint that with a brush, but with a roller.’<br />

b. *Dat moet je met geen KWAST verven, maar met een ROLLER.<br />

that must you with no brush paint but with a roller<br />

The fact that geen <strong>and</strong> niet een alternate in sentences like (208a) sharply<br />

contrasts with the lack <strong>of</strong> a similar alternation in examples like those given in (211).<br />

These examples show that, in contrast to geen, negative quantifiers/adverbs like<br />

niem<strong>and</strong>, niets, nergens <strong>and</strong> nooit cannot be used in contrastive contexts.<br />

(211) a. Er is niet IEMAND/*NIEMAND gekomen maar IEDEREEN.<br />

there is not somebody/nobody come but everyone<br />

‘Not somebody came but everybody.’<br />

b. Er is niet IETS/*NIETS misgegaan maar ALLES.<br />

there is not something/nothing wrong.gone but everything<br />

‘Not something but everything has gone wrong.’<br />

c. Er is niet ERGENS/*NERGENS corruptie gepleegd maar OVERAL.<br />

there is not somewhere/nowhere corruption committed but everywhere<br />

‘Not somewhere but everywhere there was corruption committed.’

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!