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Nouns and Noun Phrases - University of Macau Library

Nouns and Noun Phrases - University of Macau Library

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Syntactic uses <strong>of</strong> noun phrases 1065<br />

primed examples show that in these cases placement <strong>of</strong> the contrastively focused<br />

pronoun in front <strong>of</strong> the adverb is also possible, <strong>and</strong> even seems to be preferred by<br />

some. Note that the ungrammatical variant <strong>of</strong> (30) cannot be saved by assigning<br />

contrastive accent to the pronoun het, due to the fact that het normally cannot be<br />

assigned accent; cf. Section 5.2.1.1.5.<br />

(31) a. Jan kiest waarschijnlijk (?) MIJ/*me als begeleider, niet JOU.<br />

Jan chooses probably me/me as supervisor, not you<br />

a′. Jan kiest MIJ waarschijnlijk als begeleider, niet JOU.<br />

b. Jan heeft waarschijnlijk (?) HEM/*’m uitgenodigd, niet HAAR.<br />

Jan has probably him/him prt.-invited not her<br />

b′. Jan heeft HEM waarschijnlijk uitgenodigd, niet HAAR.<br />

When the negative adverb niet ‘not’ is placed in the first conjunct, both orders are<br />

completely acceptable; this is illustrated in (32). The difference between the<br />

primeless <strong>and</strong> the primed examples is that in the former the negative adverb niet<br />

acts as constituent negation <strong>and</strong> in the latter as sentential negation; cf. Section<br />

8.1.3.4.<br />

(32) a. Jan kiest waarschijnlijk niet MIJ als begeleider, maar JOU.<br />

Jan chooses probably not me as supervisor, but you<br />

a′. Jan kiest MIJ waarschijnlijk niet als begeleider, maar wel JOU.<br />

Jan chooses me probably not as supervisor, but AFF. you<br />

b. Jan heeft waarschijnlijk niet HEM uitgenodigd, maar HAAR.<br />

Jan has probably not him prt.-invited but her<br />

b′. Jan heeft HEM waarschijnlijk niet uitgenodigd, maar wel HAAR.<br />

Jan has him probably not prt.-invited but AFF. her<br />

III. Indefinite noun phrases<br />

Scrambling <strong>of</strong> indefinite nominal objects across a clause adverb is possible in some<br />

but not all constructions, <strong>and</strong> when it does occur, scrambling has important<br />

semantic repercussions: scrambling may change the °scope relation between the<br />

indefinite noun phrase <strong>and</strong> some other quantified expression, or force a generic<br />

reading <strong>of</strong> the moved noun phrase.<br />

A. Scope<br />

The examples in (33) show that (both nonspecific <strong>and</strong> specific) indefinite nominal<br />

objects cannot readily appear to the left <strong>of</strong> a modal adverb like waarschijnlijk.<br />

(33) a. dat Jan waarschijnlijk een vriend zal bezoeken.<br />

that Jan probably a friend will visit<br />

a′. *? dat Jan een vriend waarschijnlijk zal bezoeken.<br />

b. dat Jan waarschijnlijk [NP ∅ vrienden] zal bezoeken.<br />

that Jan probably friends will visit<br />

b′. *? dat Jan [NP ∅ vrienden] waarschijnlijk zal bezoeken.<br />

However, scrambling <strong>of</strong> indefinite nominal objects is <strong>of</strong>ten possible when the<br />

clause adverb expresses frequency, <strong>and</strong> coincides with a difference in scope. First,

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