Nouns and Noun Phrases - University of Macau Library

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Syntactic uses of noun phrases 1109 B. Names of months Noun phrases containing the names of months can also be used adverbially. They then refer to a certain time interval, and are normally modified by a quantifier like heel ‘whole’, as in (155a). Using the modifier half ‘half’, as in (155b), leads to ambiguity: it can express that the proposition holds for a large part of the month, or that it holds around the 15 th of that month. In the latter use it has a similar function as the numeral in (155c), in which case, however, the adverbial phrase is preferably realized as a PP headed by op ‘at’. (155) a. Jan is *(heel) april in de Verenigde Staten. Jan is whole April in the United States ‘Jan will be in the US during April.’ b. Jan is half april in de Verenigde Staten. Jan is half April in the United States ‘Jan will be in the US during a large part of April/around April 15 th .’ c. Jan is (op) 13 april in de Verenigde Staten. Jan is at 13 April in the United States ‘Jan will be in the US on April 13 th .’ Noun phrases headed by the names of months are not used to refer to a certain point in time, nor do the names of months appear in genitive phrases. Instead, a PP is used, headed by the temporal preposition in: in januari ‘in January’. Note that the names of months are normally not preceded by a determiner. C. Names of seasons Noun phrases headed by the name of a season can be used adverbially to refer to a certain time interval, as in (156a). Unlike the names of months, names of seasons must then be preceded by a determiner. Normally, a modifier like heel ‘whole’ is present. When used to denote a certain position on the time axis, the noun phrase optionally contains a determiner, as shown in (156b). As is shown in (156c), a modifier like komende is required, unless the determiner is a demonstrative. (156) a. Ik ben *(de) hele lente/zomer/herfst/winter in de Verenigde Staten. I am the whole spring/summer /fall/winter in the United States b. Ik ga (de) komende lente/zomer/herfst/winter niet op vakantie. I go the next spring/summer /fall/winter not on holiday ‘I won’t go on holiday next spring/summer /fall/winter.’ c. Ik ga deze/*de winter niet op vakantie. I go this/the winter not on holiday ‘I won’t go on holiday this (coming) winter.’ The use of the genitive form to refer to a certain season within a contextually determined time is not very natural: using (157a) to refer to, say, the winter of 1981 seems forced. It is very common, however, to use the genitive form as an adverbial phrase of frequency, as in (157b). In this use, the genitive form alternates with the PP in de winter ‘in winter’; this option is, of course, the only one available for the nouns lente ‘spring’ and herfst ‘fall’, since they do not have a genitive form.
1110 Syntax of Dutch: nouns and noun phrases (157) a. # Ik heb ’s winters heerlijk gewandeld. I have in winter nicely walked b. ’s Winters is het hier erg koud. in winter is it here very cold ‘In winter, it is very cold here.’ c. In de lente is het hier erg mooi. in the spring is it here very beautiful ‘In spring, it is very beautiful here.’ D. Names of other conventional time units Other conventional time units are expressed by nouns like weekend ‘weekend’, dag ‘day’, week ‘week’, ochtend ‘morning’ or avond ‘night’. When a noun phrase headed by these nouns refers to a time interval, as in the (a)-examples of (158) and (159), it is preceded by a determiner and a modifier like heel ‘whole’ is required. When the noun phrase is used to refer to a certain point on the time axis, as in the (b)-examples, the determiner can often be left out. The (c)-examples show that the use of a modifier is obligatory unless the determiner is a demonstrative. When the noun phrase contains a PP-modifier, as in the (d)-examples, the determiner is obligatory. (158) a. Ik ben *(het) hele weekend in Antwerpen. I am the whole weekend in Antwerp b. Ik was het vorige weekend/vorig weekend in Antwerpen. I was the last weekend/last weekend in Antwerp c. Ik ben dat/ ? het weekend in Antwerpen. I am that/the weekend in Antwerp d. Ik kom het weekend voor/na Pasen bij je op bezoek. I come the weekend before/after Easter at you on visit ‘I come to visit you the weekend before/after Easter.’ (159) a. Ik ben *(de) hele dag/avond thuis. I am the whole day/evening home b. Hij komt ? (de) komende dag/avond weer thuis. he comes the next day/evening again home c. Hij komt ? die/*de dag/avond weer thuis. he comes that/the day/evening again home d. Ik kom de dag voor/na Pasen bij je op bezoek. I come the day before/after Easter at you on visit ‘I come to visit you the day before/after Easter.’ Note, however, that dropping the determiner in (159b) is somewhat marginal. It may be the case that the use of the bare noun phrases komende dag and komende avond is blocked by the existence of the lexical forms morgen ‘tomorrow’ and morgenavond ‘tomorrow night’. This is supported by the fact that noun phrases like vorige/afgelopen week ‘last/the past week’ or volgende maand ‘next month’, for which such lexical items do not exist, are perfectly acceptable without the determiner: actually, in these cases the determiner cannot be used.
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Comprehensive Grammar Resources Edi
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The publication of this book is mad
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Chapter 5 Determiners: articles and
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Abbreviations used in the glosses o
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574 Syntax of Dutch: nouns and noun
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Determiners: articles and pronouns
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c. Ik heb de man het boek aangebode
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(12) a. Kan je me de nieuwe klachte
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. Paard rijden mag Jan morgen. hors
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(125) a. Het schip verging met man
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. Democraten ′66 heeft/ ?? hebben
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(134) Ik ga vanavond naar I go toni
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c. Ik gaf Jan een harde schop onder
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(153) • Exclamative wat een N! a.
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(173) a. Jan heeft ( $ de) twee moe
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(204) a. Ik heb er [geen/drie [e]]
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c. Zij/ze is naar school. she is to
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(358) a. Jan is iemand van mijn sch
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(365) The antecedent of relative pe
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(374) • Plural antecedent of a re
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(392) a. Kees zag [SC Peter op zich
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(514) a. Die Wim toch! Minister-pre
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Chapter 6 Numerals and quantifiers
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Numerals and quantifiers 871 comple
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Numerals and quantifiers 873 (7) a.
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Numerals and quantifiers 875 c. é
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(18) Twee van de studenten werden g
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(24) a. Er ligt/*liggen nog drie me
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Numerals and quantifiers 881 refers
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Numerals and quantifiers 885 Normal
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(64) The ordinal numerals 1 st to 1
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(71) a. de [N eerste ministers] van
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6.2. Quantifiers Numerals and quant
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Numerals and quantifiers 897 The ex
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Numerals and quantifiers 899 IV. Us
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Numerals and quantifiers 901 also c
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c. *Elke/Iedere dodo is uitgestorve
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(104) a. Iedereen ging naar de verg
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Numerals and quantifiers 907 6.2.3.
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c. Hij is een enig kind. he is a cu
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. Er werden wat boeken verkocht. th
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(170) a. Bijna al de boeken zijn ve
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Numerals and quantifiers 931 everyd
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(205) a. Jan heeft eri [één [ pro
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Syntactic uses of noun phrases 1053
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References 1159 Longobardi, Giusepp
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References 1161 Schultink, H. 1978.
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References 1163 Zwarts, Frans. 1981
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