Nouns and Noun Phrases - University of Macau Library

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Chapter 8 Syntactic uses of noun phrases Introduction 1052 8.1. Noun phrases as arguments 1052 8.1.1. Syntactic functions of noun phrases 1052 8.1.2. Noun phrases in clause-initial position 1054 8.1.2.1. Wh-movement 1054 8.1.2.2. Topicalization 1058 8.1.3. Object noun phrases in the middle field of the clause: Scrambling 1061 8.1.3.1. Clauses containing a clause adverb 1062 8.1.3.2. Clauses containing a VP adverb 1073 8.1.3.3. Clauses containing an adverb to the left of a clause adverb 1075 8.1.3.4. Clauses containing the negative adverb niet ‘not’ 1076 8.1.3.5. Conclusion 1078 8.1.4. Subject noun phrases in the expletive construction 1079 8.2. Predicative use of the noun phrase 1085 8.2.1. Nominal predicates 1085 8.2.2. Noun phrases denoting a profession or social function 1092 8.2.3. Copular constructions with a singular neuter pronoun as subject 1099 8.3. Adverbial use of the noun phrase 1103 8.3.1. Temporal phrases 1103 8.3.2. Non-temporal adverbial phrases 1111 8.4. Bibliographical notes 1112
1052 Syntax of Dutch: nouns and noun phrases Introduction This chapter will discuss the distribution of noun phrases within the clause, and the differences between the types of noun phrase in this respect: pronouns, for example, behave differently from definite noun phrases, which in their turn behave differently from indefinite noun phrases. Sections 8.1 and 8.2 discuss the distribution of noun phrases in their core functions as °arguments and predicates, respectively. Section 8.3 concludes the discussion with some remarks on the adverbial use of noun phrases. This chapter will be relatively short given that some of the issues discussed here are discussed in more detail elsewhere. For example, the use of noun phrases as arguments of nouns is extensively discussed in Chapter 2, and similar chapters can be found in Broekhuis & Corver (in prep). 8.1. Noun phrases as arguments Noun phrases are typically used as arguments of a verb or one of the three other major categories N, A and P. This section mainly focuses on their distribution as arguments of the verb, that is, in the clausal domain. In Section 8.1.1, we start with a discussion of the argument functions the noun phrase can have. This is followed in 8.1.2 by a discussion of the restrictions on wh-movement and topicalization. Section 8.1.3 provides a discussion of °scrambling, that is, the placement of the noun phrase in the °middle field of the clause. In 8.1.4, we conclude with a discussion of the restrictions on noun phrases in the °expletive construction. 8.1.1. Syntactic functions of noun phrases Noun phrases can occur in all argument functions. Some typical examples are given in (1) to (4). In (1) the noun phrase acts as the (nominative) subject of the clause, in (2) as the (accusative) direct object, in (3) as the (dative) indirect object, and in (4), finally, as the °complement of a preposition: the primeless examples in (4) involve a prepositional indirect object and the primed ones involve PP-complements of the verb, but examples could also be given for PPs with, e.g., an adverbial function. The (a)- and (b)-examples of each set illustrate, respectively, non-neuter and neuter singulars, and the (c)-examples exemplify plurals. For each of these types a definite and an indefinite example are given. The definite noun phrases are headed by the definite article de/het ‘the’, but they can be replaced by any other type of definite noun phrase: replacing the noun phrase de man ‘the man’ by, e.g., noun phrases like die man ‘that man’ or mijn vriend ‘my friend’, a personal pronoun like hij/hem ‘he/him’ or the universal quantifier iedereen ‘everyone’ does not affect the grammaticality judgments. Neither will the grammaticality judgments change when we replace the indefinite singular noun phrase een man/kind by the existential quantifier iemand or the indefinite plural DP [∅ mensen] ‘persons’ by some other plural indefinite noun phrase like verschillende/veel/vier mensen ‘several/many/four persons’.
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Determiners: articles and pronouns
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c. Ik heb de man het boek aangebode
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(12) a. Kan je me de nieuwe klachte
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. Paard rijden mag Jan morgen. hors
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(125) a. Het schip verging met man
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. Democraten ′66 heeft/ ?? hebben
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(134) Ik ga vanavond naar I go toni
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c. Ik gaf Jan een harde schop onder
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(153) • Exclamative wat een N! a.
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(173) a. Jan heeft ( $ de) twee moe
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(204) a. Ik heb er [geen/drie [e]]
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(252) a. dat ik geen/ ? niet piano
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(271) a. Na nog geen tien minuten b
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c. Zij/ze is naar school. she is to
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(325) a. Op wie wacht je? for who w
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(358) a. Jan is iemand van mijn sch
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(365) The antecedent of relative pe
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(374) • Plural antecedent of a re
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(392) a. Kees zag [SC Peter op zich
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c. haar/MariesAgent foto her/Marie
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5.2.3.2.1. Idiomatic case-inflected
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(514) a. Die Wim toch! Minister-pre
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Chapter 6 Numerals and quantifiers
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Numerals and quantifiers 871 comple
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Numerals and quantifiers 873 (7) a.
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Numerals and quantifiers 875 c. é
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(18) Twee van de studenten werden g
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(24) a. Er ligt/*liggen nog drie me
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Numerals and quantifiers 881 refers
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Numerals and quantifiers 883 demons
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Numerals and quantifiers 885 Normal
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Numerals and quantifiers 887 Exampl
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Numerals and quantifiers 889 (58) a
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(64) The ordinal numerals 1 st to 1
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(71) a. de [N eerste ministers] van
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6.2. Quantifiers Numerals and quant
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Numerals and quantifiers 897 The ex
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Numerals and quantifiers 899 IV. Us
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Numerals and quantifiers 901 also c
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c. *Elke/Iedere dodo is uitgestorve
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(104) a. Iedereen ging naar de verg
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Numerals and quantifiers 907 6.2.3.
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Numerals and quantifiers 909 pronou
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c. Hij is een enig kind. he is a cu
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Numerals and quantifiers 913 Despit
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Numerals and quantifiers 915 the fa
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Numerals and quantifiers 919 like v
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Numerals and quantifiers 921 in (15
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Numerals and quantifiers 923 The ex
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(170) a. Bijna al de boeken zijn ve
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(178) a. Er zijn hier ruim/net vold
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Numerals and quantifiers 931 everyd
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Numerals and quantifiers 933 This s
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Numerals and quantifiers 935 for mo
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(205) a. Jan heeft eri [één [ pro
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Numerals and quantifiers 939 Second
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Syntactic uses of noun phrases 1101
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References Aarts, Bas. 1994. The sy
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References 1153 eds. Hans Broekhuis
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References 1155 De Jong, Francisca
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References 1157 Haeseryn, Walter, K
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References 1159 Longobardi, Giusepp
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References 1161 Schultink, H. 1978.
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References 1163 Zwarts, Frans. 1981
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