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Nouns and Noun Phrases - University of Macau Library

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978 Syntax <strong>of</strong> Dutch: nouns <strong>and</strong> noun phrases<br />

(94) a. ?? Wat die artikelen betreft, ik heb alle/beide net geplaatst.<br />

what those articles concerns I have all/both just placed<br />

a′. ?? Wat die artikelen betreft, ik heb alle/beide net een plaats gegeven.<br />

what those articles concerns I have all/both just a place given<br />

b. *Wat die wijn betreft, ik heb alle reeds geprijsd.<br />

what that wine concerns I have all already priced<br />

b′. *Wat die wijn betreft, ik heb alle reeds een prijskaartje gegeven.<br />

what that wine concerns I have all already a price.tag given<br />

III. Object <strong>of</strong> preposition<br />

It is impossible for bare al to be used in the examples in (95), the prepositional<br />

counterparts <strong>of</strong> the double object constructions in the primed examples in (90),<br />

where al is the object <strong>of</strong> the preposition aan.<br />

(95) a. *Ik heb reeds een uitnodiging aan al gestuurd. [+HUMAN]<br />

I have already an invitation to all sent<br />

b. *Ik heb net een plaats aan al gegeven. [-HUMAN]<br />

I have just a place to all given<br />

c. *Ik heb reeds een prijskaartje aan al gegeven. [-HUMAN]<br />

I have already a price.tag to all given<br />

Bare al normally does not occur as the object <strong>of</strong> other prepositions either. An<br />

idiomatic example which basically exhausts the possibilities is het ergst van al ‘the<br />

worst <strong>of</strong> all’. This example has a more or less productive paradigm in the sense that<br />

the superlative adjective can in principle be replaced with any other superlative (cf.<br />

English worst/best/most/... <strong>of</strong> all). We can also mention the fixed expressions al met<br />

al ‘all in all’, bovenal ‘above all’ <strong>and</strong> vooral ‘particularly/especially’.<br />

alle + Num <strong>and</strong> allebei, grammatical variants <strong>of</strong> the examples in (95) can be<br />

constructed, although some speakers consider the examples in (96) less felicitous<br />

than their double object counterparts in (91b) <strong>and</strong> (92b).<br />

(96) a. ? Ik heb reeds een uitnodiging aan alle twee/allebei gestuurd. [+HUMAN]<br />

I have already an invitation to all two/all-both sent<br />

b. ? Ik heb net een plaats aan alle twee/allebei gegeven. [-HUMAN]<br />

I have just a place to all two/all-both given<br />

The examples in (97) show that alle(n) <strong>and</strong> beide(n) can occur as the<br />

complement <strong>of</strong> aan when they have a [+HUMAN] referent, but that the result is<br />

somewhat marginal when they have a plural [-HUMAN] referent; as before, it is<br />

impossible for independent alle to be associated with a substance noun. There is no<br />

discernible contrast between the examples in (97) <strong>and</strong> their double object<br />

counterparts in (93b) <strong>and</strong> the primed examples in (94). The judgments are more or<br />

less the same, when alle(n) <strong>and</strong> beide(n) function as the complement <strong>of</strong> some other<br />

preposition.<br />

(97) a. Ik heb reeds een uitnodiging aan allen/beiden gestuurd.<br />

I have already an invitation to all/both sent<br />

b. ?? Wat die artikelen betreft, ik heb net een plaats aan alle/beide gegeven.<br />

what those articles concerns I have just a place to all/both given

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