Nouns and Noun Phrases - University of Macau Library

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Pre-determiners 961 The alle + Num examples in (47) alternate with constructions in which bare al precedes and the numeral follows the possessor of the noun: al m’n tien boeken ‘al my ten books’; cf. Section 7.1.2.1, sub IIC. This syntactic alternation does not seem semantically innocuous, though judgments are subtle. Consider the pair in (48), used in a context in which a selection committee is finalizing a short list, and each of the committee members has drawn up a list of his three top candidates. In this context, alle drie onze kandidaten primes a reading in which all committee members selected the same three candidates (hence the total number of candidates figuring on the committee members’ lists is exactly three), while al onze drie kandidaten seems more felicitously used in a situation in which not all committee members selected the same three candidates (hence the total number of candidates figuring on the committee members’ lists exceeds three). (48) a. Alle drie onze kandidaten (*vormen samen een groep van zeven man). all three our candidates form together a group of seven people b. Al onze drie kandidaten (vormen samen een groep van zeven man). all our three candidates form together a group of seven people For completeness’ sake, it should be noted that alle + Num and allebei can also be used with nominalized possessive pronouns. The article preceding the noun must be de, because alle + Num and allebei do not combine with singular noun phrases; this excludes the article het, which is only found in singular noun phrases. (49) a. alle twee/allebei de mijne/jouwe/zijne/hare/onze/hunne all two/both the mine/yourssg/his/hers/ours/theirs b. *alle twee/allebei het mijne/jouwe/zijne/hare/onze/hunne all two/both the mine/yourssg/his/hers/ours/theirs Pre-determiner alle + Num cannot be construed with noun phrases containing the indefinite article een, not even in contexts in which, in the absence of the predeterminer, the indefinite article can combine with a plural noun phrase. (50) a. Een boeken dat hij heeft! a books that he has ‘He has a lot of books/very nice books!’ b. *Alle tien/allebei een boeken dat hij heeft! all ten/both a books that he has As is shown in (51a), the pre-determiner allebei cannot combine with bare plurals either. Alle + Num, on the other hand, can be construed with bare plurals, although this depends on the numeral in question. The empirical generalization seems to be that with “high” numerals, like vijfentwintig in (51d), the determiner de is preferably dropped (although some speakers find (51d) with the determiner de perfectly acceptable), whereas with “low” numerals the pattern without the determiner de is awkward, to a degree which varies somewhat from speaker to speaker and from case to case (Perridon 1997: 184). A rough search on the internet has shown that in examples like (51a&b), with allebei and alle twee/drie/vier, use of the article de is clearly preferred. In cases like (51c), with alle vijf/zes both options have about the same frequency. In examples like (51d) with high numbers,
962 Syntax of Dutch: nouns and noun phrases dropping the article seems obligatory: the string [alle vijfentwintig de] resulted in no relevant hits, whereas the string [alle vijfentwintig] provided many cases of the relevant construction; see also http://taaladvies.net/taal/advies/vraag/48. (51) a. allebei/alle twee de/*∅ boeken c. alle vijf/zes/... de/∅ boeken all-both/all two the books all five/six/... the books b. alle drie/vier de/*∅ boeken d. alle vijfentwintig ∅/ % de boeken all three/four the books all twenty five ∅/the books When the numeral is modified by an adverb, construing alle + Num with a bare plural is the only possibility; adding the article de gives rise to an unacceptable result, even with relatively “low” numerals like vijf. (52) alle ongeveer/bijna/ruim honderd/vijf (*de) deelnemers all approximately/almost/well over hundred/five the participants B. Indefinite determiner-like elements Example (53a) shows that the indefinite determiner-like elements dat/dit soort ‘such’, discussed in Section 4.1.2, are not compatible with alle + Num/allebei to their left. Example (53b) shows that the same thing holds for pseudo-partitive noun phrases, discussed in Section 4.1.1.6.1, with the indefinite determiner-like element van die ‘such’. (53) a. *alle tien/allebei dat/dit soort boeken all ten/all-both that/this sort books b. *alle tien/allebei van die boeken all ten/all-both of such books C. Quantifiers and numerals Since the pre-determiners allebei and alle + Num already contain a cardinal number, the addition of other quantificational elements to the noun phrase is impossible; the examples below are all ungrammatical. Numerals are, of course, excluded since this would either result in unwanted redundancy or in a contradiction: *alle vier de drie/vier boeken ‘all four the three/four books’. (54) a. *alle tien/allebei enige/sommige boeken all ten/all-both some books b. *alle tien/allebei veel boeken all ten/all-both many books c. *alle tien/allebei de vele/weinige mensen in de zaal all ten/all-both the many/few people in the room d. *alle twee/allebei de twee/beide boeken all two/all-both the two/both books D. Personal pronouns and proper nouns Alle + Num and allebei can form a constituent with a plural personal pronoun, provided that the pronoun is realized in its strong, unreduced form and that it precedes the quantifier. That the string zij alle tien/allebei in (55) is a constituent is clear from the fact that it can precede the finite verb zijn in the main clauses (the
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Comprehensive Grammar Resources Edi
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The publication of this book is mad
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Chapter 5 Determiners: articles and
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Abbreviations used in the glosses o
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574 Syntax of Dutch: nouns and noun
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Chapter 5 Determiners: articles and
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Determiners: articles and pronouns
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c. Ik heb de man het boek aangebode
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(12) a. Kan je me de nieuwe klachte
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. Paard rijden mag Jan morgen. hors
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(125) a. Het schip verging met man
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. Democraten ′66 heeft/ ?? hebben
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(134) Ik ga vanavond naar I go toni
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c. Ik gaf Jan een harde schop onder
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(153) • Exclamative wat een N! a.
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(173) a. Jan heeft ( $ de) twee moe
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(204) a. Ik heb er [geen/drie [e]]
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(252) a. dat ik geen/ ? niet piano
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(271) a. Na nog geen tien minuten b
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c. Zij/ze is naar school. she is to
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(325) a. Op wie wacht je? for who w
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(358) a. Jan is iemand van mijn sch
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(365) The antecedent of relative pe
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(374) • Plural antecedent of a re
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(392) a. Kees zag [SC Peter op zich
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c. haar/MariesAgent foto her/Marie
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Table 12: Non-interrogative demonst
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5.2.3.1.2. Demonstratives as argume
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5.2.3.2.1. Idiomatic case-inflected
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(514) a. Die Wim toch! Minister-pre
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Chapter 6 Numerals and quantifiers
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Numerals and quantifiers 871 comple
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Numerals and quantifiers 873 (7) a.
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Numerals and quantifiers 875 c. é
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(18) Twee van de studenten werden g
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(24) a. Er ligt/*liggen nog drie me
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Numerals and quantifiers 881 refers
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Numerals and quantifiers 883 demons
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Numerals and quantifiers 885 Normal
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Numerals and quantifiers 887 Exampl
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Numerals and quantifiers 889 (58) a
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(64) The ordinal numerals 1 st to 1
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(71) a. de [N eerste ministers] van
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6.2. Quantifiers Numerals and quant
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Numerals and quantifiers 897 The ex
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Numerals and quantifiers 899 IV. Us
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Numerals and quantifiers 901 also c
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c. *Elke/Iedere dodo is uitgestorve
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(104) a. Iedereen ging naar de verg
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Numerals and quantifiers 907 6.2.3.
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Numerals and quantifiers 909 pronou
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1012 Syntax of Dutch: nouns and nou
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Chapter 8 Syntactic uses of noun ph
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Syntactic uses of noun phrases 1053
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(36) a. dat Jan waarschijnlijk een
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(63) a. Jan heeft < ?? een boek> ni
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8.2. Predicative use of the noun ph
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References Aarts, Bas. 1994. The sy
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References 1153 eds. Hans Broekhuis
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References 1155 De Jong, Francisca
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References 1157 Haeseryn, Walter, K
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References 1159 Longobardi, Giusepp
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References 1161 Schultink, H. 1978.
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References 1163 Zwarts, Frans. 1981
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Comprehensive Grammar Resources - t
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