Nouns and Noun Phrases - University of Macau Library

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Pre-determiners 1027 Section 7.1.2.1, sub IIB, concluded that al in (242b) forms a constituent with dat/dit/zulk soort, on the basis of the fact that al dat/dit/zulk soort N may appear as a subject in existential er constructions. For heel, such a case cannot be made since it is impossible to establish on independent grounds whether heel is a strong or weak quantifier: addition of heel to a noun phrase does not affect the weak/strong status of that noun phrase. Nevertheless, a possible way of eliminating the reference to linearity in the characterization of the relationship between heel and the determiner following it is by analyzing heel dat/dit soort in (242a) as a constituent as well. Although this analysis seems structurally plausible, a potential semantic problem for it is that heel is construed with gedoe rather than with soort. C. Quantifiers and numerals Pre-determiner bare heel cannot precede quantifiers like enige/sommige ‘some’ and elk/ieder ‘every’. (243) a. *heel enige ellende/verdriet all some misery/sorrow b. *heel elke/iedere stad all every town b′. *heel elk/ieder huis all every house Since Table 10 has shown that bare heel does not combine with plural noun phrases, it will not come as a surprise that adding a numeral to the noun phrase to the right of heel is normally impossible. It seems, however, that example (244a) is acceptable (though marked) on the negative polarity reading of heel described in Section 7.2.1.1, sub II. (244) # heel die twee steden all those two towns In the discussion of bare al in Section 7.1.2.1, sub IIC, it was pointed out that adding an inflected quantifier like vele ‘much/many’ or weinige ‘little/few’ to the noun phrase following al is possible for some speakers, though always rather marginal. The relevant examples are reproduced here in (245a&a′). Examples (245b&b′) show that adding pre-determiner bare heel to such constructions is impossible with weinige and gives rise to, at best, a degraded result with vele. (245) a. de (vele/weinige) mensen in de zaal the many/few people in the room a′. al de ( ? vele/ ?? weinige) mensen in de zaal all the many/few people in the room b. het (vele/weinige) lijden in de wereld the much/little suffering in the world b′. heel het ( ?? vele/*weinige) lijden in de wereld all the much/little suffering in the world For completeness’ sake, note that heel can precede the quantifiers veel and weinig, when it acts as a modifier of the quantifiers; cf. Section 6.2.5. That heel in
1028 Syntax of Dutch: nouns and noun phrases (246) is a premodifier of the quantifier, and not of the noun phrase as a whole (as a pre-determiner of the zero indefinite article), is evident from the fact that the plural count nouns and substance noun wijn normally cannot co-occur with pre-determiner bare heel; cf. Table 10 and Table 11. (246) a. [(heel) veel] boeken b. [(heel) weinig] wijn very many books very little wine D. Personal pronouns and proper nouns We can be brief about the combination of pre-determiner bare heel and personal pronouns; heel is unable to combine with pronouns, regardless of whether it is placed to the left or to the right of the pronoun. Example (247) only shows this for heel preceding the pronoun. (247) Bare heel and personal pronouns SINGULAR PLURAL 1 ST PERSON *heel ik/me/mij *heel wij/ons *heel 2 REGULAR *heel jij/je/jou *heel jullie ND PERSON POLITE *heel u 3 MASCULINE *heel hij/’m/hem FEMININE *heel zij/’r/haar RD *heel zij/hen/hun PERSON NEUTER *heel het/’t As was pointed out in Section 7.2.1.1, bare heel can combine with proper nouns that comply with the semantic constraint imposed by heel that the noun phrase it is construed with denotes a structured unit. We refer the reader to Section 7.2.1.1, sub I, for a more extensive discussion, and to Section 7.1.2.1, sub IID, for comparison with similar examples with al. (248) a. heel Europa/Duitsland/Hongarije/Italië/Amsterdam all Europe/Germany/Hungary/Italy/Amsterdam b. *heel Jan all Jan Finally, we can note that, unlike bare al (cf. 7.1.2.1, sub IID), heel cannot precede the wh-word wat in free relatives, but it can form a constituent with wat in the guise of a quantified pronoun. Note that, while indefinite wat normally alternates with iets ‘something’, replacement of wat by iets is impossible in (249b). (249) a. al/*heel wat ik hoor all what I hear b. Ik heb heel/*al wat gehoord. I have all what heard ‘I have heard quite a lot.’ 7.2.2.2. Post-determiner inflectible heel This section will discuss the properties of inflectible heel. Again, a distinction has to be made between purely adjectival and quantificational uses of heel. Section
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Comprehensive Grammar Resources Hen
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Comprehensive Grammar Resources Edi
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The publication of this book is mad
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Chapter 5 Determiners: articles and
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Abbreviations used in the glosses o
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574 Syntax of Dutch: nouns and noun
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Determiners: articles and pronouns
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c. Ik heb de man het boek aangebode
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(12) a. Kan je me de nieuwe klachte
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. Paard rijden mag Jan morgen. hors
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(125) a. Het schip verging met man
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. Democraten ′66 heeft/ ?? hebben
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(134) Ik ga vanavond naar I go toni
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c. Ik gaf Jan een harde schop onder
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(153) • Exclamative wat een N! a.
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(173) a. Jan heeft ( $ de) twee moe
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(204) a. Ik heb er [geen/drie [e]]
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(252) a. dat ik geen/ ? niet piano
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(271) a. Na nog geen tien minuten b
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c. Zij/ze is naar school. she is to
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(325) a. Op wie wacht je? for who w
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(358) a. Jan is iemand van mijn sch
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(365) The antecedent of relative pe
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(374) • Plural antecedent of a re
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(392) a. Kees zag [SC Peter op zich
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c. haar/MariesAgent foto her/Marie
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Table 12: Non-interrogative demonst
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5.2.3.1.2. Demonstratives as argume
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5.2.3.2.1. Idiomatic case-inflected
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(514) a. Die Wim toch! Minister-pre
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Chapter 6 Numerals and quantifiers
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Numerals and quantifiers 871 comple
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Numerals and quantifiers 873 (7) a.
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Numerals and quantifiers 875 c. é
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(18) Twee van de studenten werden g
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(24) a. Er ligt/*liggen nog drie me
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Numerals and quantifiers 881 refers
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Numerals and quantifiers 883 demons
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Numerals and quantifiers 885 Normal
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Numerals and quantifiers 887 Exampl
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Numerals and quantifiers 889 (58) a
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(64) The ordinal numerals 1 st to 1
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(71) a. de [N eerste ministers] van
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6.2. Quantifiers Numerals and quant
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Numerals and quantifiers 897 The ex
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Numerals and quantifiers 899 IV. Us
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Numerals and quantifiers 901 also c
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c. *Elke/Iedere dodo is uitgestorve
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(104) a. Iedereen ging naar de verg
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Numerals and quantifiers 907 6.2.3.
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Numerals and quantifiers 909 pronou
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c. Hij is een enig kind. he is a cu
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Numerals and quantifiers 913 Despit
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Numerals and quantifiers 915 the fa
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. Er werden wat boeken verkocht. th
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Numerals and quantifiers 919 like v
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Numerals and quantifiers 921 in (15
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(170) a. Bijna al de boeken zijn ve
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(178) a. Er zijn hier ruim/net vold
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Numerals and quantifiers 931 everyd
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Numerals and quantifiers 933 This s
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(205) a. Jan heeft eri [één [ pro
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Numerals and quantifiers 939 Second
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Numerals and quantifiers 941 distin
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1116 Syntax of Dutch: nouns and nou
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References Aarts, Bas. 1994. The sy
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References 1153 eds. Hans Broekhuis
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References 1155 De Jong, Francisca
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References 1157 Haeseryn, Walter, K
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References 1159 Longobardi, Giusepp
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References 1161 Schultink, H. 1978.
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References 1163 Zwarts, Frans. 1981
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Comprehensive Grammar Resources - t
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