A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

9.2 Make Sure the Body of Your Report Is Coherent9.3 Check Your Paragraphs9.4 Let Your Draft Cool, Then Paraphrase ItSome new researchers think that once they have a draft, they're done. Thoughtful writersknow better. They write a first draft not for their readers, but for themselves, to see whetherthey can make the case they hoped to (or a better one). Then they revise their draft until theythink it meets the needs and expectations of their readers. That's hard, because we all knowour own work too well to read it as others will. To revise effectively, you must know whatreaders look for and whether your draft helps them find it. To that end, our advice may seemmechanical. But only when you can analyze your draft objectively can you avoid reading intoit what you want your readers to get out of it.We suggest revising from the top down: first the “outer frame” (introduction andconclusion), then overall organization, then sections, paragraphs, sentences, finally stylisticissues such as spelling and punctuation (for guidance on these issues, see part 3). Of course,no one revises so neatly. All of us fiddle with words as we move paragraphs around andreorganize as we revise a sentence. But you're likely to make the best revisions if you revisefrom whole to part, even if at the moment you're revising, a part is the only whole you have.Many experienced researchers find that they can edit hard copy more reliably than they canedit text on their computer screen. You might edit early drafts on the screen, but you maycatch more errors and get a better sense of the overall structure of your report if you read atleast one later version of it on paper, as your readers will.9.1 Check Your Introduction, Conclusion, and ClaimYour readers must recognize three things quickly and unambiguously:where your introduction endswhere your conclusion beginswhat sentences in one or both state your claimTo make the first two clearly visible, you might insert a subhead or extra space between yourintroduction and body and another between the body and conclusion. (Chapter 10 discussesrevising your last draft introduction and conclusion in detail, particularly how and where yousignal your claim.)9.2 Make Sure the Body of Your Report Is Coherentwww.itpub.net