A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

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traditional or shorter abbreviations for the names of books (see 24.6); consult yourinstructor if you are unsure which form is appropriate. Use arabic numerals for chapter andverse numbers (with a colon between them) and for numbered books.Traditional abbreviations:P: (1 Thess. 4:11, 5:2–5, 5:14)Shorter abbreviations:P: (2 Sm 11:1–17, 11:26–27; 1 Chr 10:13–14)Since books and numbering differ among versions of the scriptures, identify the versionyou are using in brackets in your first citation, either with the spelled-out name or an acceptedabbreviation (see 24.6.4).P: (2 Kings 11:8 [New Revised Standard Version])(1 Cor. 6:1–10 [NAB])For citations from the sacred works of other religious traditions, adapt the general pattern forbiblical citations as appropriate (see 24.6.5).19.5.3 Reference WorksWell-known reference works, such as major dictionaries and encyclopedias, should usually becited only in parenthetical citations. You generally need not include them in your referencelist, although you may choose to include a specific work that is critical to your argument orfrequently cited. Omit the date, but specify the edition (if not the first). For an alphabeticallyarranged work such as an encyclopedia, cite the item (not the volume or page number)preceded by s.v. (sub verbo, “under the word”; pl. s.vv.)P: (Encyclopaedia Britannica 15th ed., s.v. “Salvation”)(Dictionary of American biography, s.v. “Wadsworth, Jeremiah”)Treat reference works that are less well known as you would a book (see 19.1).R: The Times guide to English style and usage. 1999. Rev. ed. London: Times Books.Aulestia, Gorka. 1989. Basque English dictionary. Reno: University of Nevada Press.P: (Times guide 1999, s.vv. “police ranks,” “postal addresses”)(Aulestia 1989, 509)Online versions of encyclopedias are regularly updated, so include both the URL and thedate you accessed the material (see 15.4.1). Note that some reference works will indicate theappropriate URL to cite for a specific entry; use this rather than the less stable URL generatedby search engines.P: (Encyclopaedia Britannica online, s.v. “Sibelius, Jean,” http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article?tocId=9378608 [accessed June 1, 2005])www.itpub.net
19.5.4 ReviewsReviews of books, performances, and so forth may appear in a variety of periodicals. In yourreference list, include the name of the reviewer; the words review of, followed by the name ofthe work reviewed and its author (or composer, director, and so forth); location and date (inthe case of a performance); and finally the periodical in which the review appeared.R: Taub, Richard P. 2004. Review of Reclaiming public housing: A half-century of struggle in threepublic neighborhoods, by Lawrence J. Vale. American Journal of Sociology 110, no. 3 (November): 797–99.Isherwood, Charles. 2005. Review of Birdie blue, by Cheryl L. West, directed by Seret Scott. SecondStage Theater, New York. New York Times. June 24.Kozinn, Allan. 2000. Review of concert performance by Timothy Fain (violin) and Steven Beck (piano).92nd Street Y, New York. New York Times. April 21.19.5.5 AbstractsAbstracts of journal articles, conference proceedings, dissertations, and so forth may appearalong with the work being abstracted or in special publications (usually journals) that consistentirely of abstracts.Include the full citation of the work being abstracted. If the abstract appears next to thework itself, insert the word abstract within the citation, following the title. If the abstractappears in a different publication, insert the words Abstract in following the initial citation,and then cite the location of the abstract. Use the date of the work itself, not the abstract,following the author's name.R: Luders, Joseph. 2006. The economics of movement success: Business responses to civil rightsmobilization. Abstract. American Journal of Sociology 111, no. 4 (January): 963.Albin, Cecilia. 2003. Negotiating international cooperation: Global public goods and fairness. Review ofInternational Studies 29 (July): 365–85. Abstract in Peace Research Abstracts Journal 42, publ. nr.236625 (February 2005): 6.19.5.6 Pamphlets and ReportsCite pamphlets, corporate reports, brochures, and other freestanding publications as youwould a book. If you lack data for some of the usual elements, such as author and publisher,give enough other information to identify the document.R: Clark, Hazel V. 1957. Mesopotamia: Between two rivers. Mesopotamia, OH: End of the CommonsGeneral Store.TIAA-CREF. 2005. 2005 Annual report: College Retirement Equities Fund. New York: TIAA-CREF.19.5.7 Microform Editions
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A Manual for Writers of Research Pa
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Indexing BooksNancy C. MulvanyGetti
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Part I Research and Writing: From P
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15 General Introduction to Citation
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Appendix: Paper Format and Submissi
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that have emerged since 2003 and th
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We first discuss the aims of resear
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You may think your report will add
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1.2 Three Kinds of Questions That R
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That impulse is understandable. But
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You might even post those five goal
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knowledge:masks in religious ceremo
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9. Look for questions that other re
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esearch. You can, of course, look f
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If you can think of only one or two
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3.3.2 Skim the Internet3.3.3 Talk t
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understand what you think until you
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translator(s)What data identify the
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(Bibliographic Index is a bibliogra
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Skim bibliographies of recent books
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influential a source is by how ofte
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4.5 Review Your Progress4.5.1 Searc
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PART-WHOLE CONTRADICTIONS. You can
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label the places (see fig. 4.1, wit
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major reasons, and so on). Highligh
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two, and if you take notes on a com
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4.6 Manage Moments of Normal PanicT
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good research report, readers hear
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think your answer is significant, i
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differently, you must acknowledge a
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Around here, when it's a warm night
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To accept that claim, readers must
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5.6 Assemble an ArgumentHere is a s
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6.2.6).6.2 Create a Plan That Meets
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2. Rephrase your question as a lack
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You can follow the same procedure t
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its end expressing its point. That
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7.10 Guard against Inappropriate As
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y their lack of original thinking.
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Now might I do it [kill him] pat, n
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As one invention begets another one
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2. What help must you acknowledge i
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families were headed by a single mo
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A.3.1 on creating and inserting tab
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1. Include only relevant data. If y
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BAR CHARTS. Bar charts communicate
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Figure 8.7 shows how a stacked bar
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that states the claim you want the
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www.itpub.net
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9.2 Make Sure the Body of Your Repo
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Of each section, ask What question
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give them a framework for understan
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you just surveyed:Ever since Girola
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Be sure to include in these openers
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11.5 Give It Up and Print It OutYou
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principal demonstrates that she is
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squeezed into so little volume chan
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Most instructors and editors do agr
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problem is the ones you are sure of
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comments so that you can do better
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13.1.2 Understand the Difference be
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of us do), you can then skip to the
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want to listen to them. Your aims a
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15.2.2 Information Required in Cita
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journal, collection, or series it a
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deciding how much change counts as
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You can assemble your bibliography
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information about the source (autho
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3. Author(s) Plus Editor or Transla
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16.1.3 CapitalizationCapitalize mos
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university may specify that you sho
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You may choose to include in your b
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16.3.5 Complex NotesCITATIONS. If y
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full note.N: 5. Jan H. Kalicki and
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number of a reference is the same a
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17.1.2 Title17.1.3 Edition17.1.4 Vo
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17.7 Informally Published Electroni
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17.1 BooksBooks reflect a wider ran
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4. Timothy E. Fulop and Albert J. R
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Many Spanish last names are compoun
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B: Aaron, Henry. Why Is Welfare So
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B: Pelikan, Jaroslav. Christian Doc
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Cambridge, MA: MIT PressChapel Hill
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illustration number.N: 50. Richard
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N: 3. Anne Carr and Douglas J. Schu
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download or other delivery from a b
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B: Jenkins, J. Craig, David Jacobs,
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B: Schapiro, Mark. “New Power for
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Articles published online. For onli
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parenthetical notes (see 16.4.3). Y
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N: 34. Hazel V. Clark, Mesopotamia:
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17.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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Locating information. Although some
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consistently, and adapt the general
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Page 202 and 203: Style: The Basic Form18.1 Basic Pat
Page 204 and 205: In reference list entries, separate
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Page 208 and 209: If your reference list includes two
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Page 214 and 215: 19.5.8 CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs19.5.9 On
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Page 220 and 221: Van Rensselaer, StephenMedici, Lore
Page 222 and 223: Dates. Use a comma to set off dates
Page 224 and 225: When you cite an edition other than
Page 226 and 227: Some numbered series have existed f
Page 228 and 229: SPECIAL TYPES OF LOCATORS. Some par
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Page 232 and 233: 19.2.1 Author's NameGive authors' n
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Page 244 and 245: 19.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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Page 252 and 253: If your paper is in literary studie
Page 254 and 255: R: U.S. Congress. Congressional Rec
Page 256 and 257: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1975. Me
Page 258 and 259: language, provide the page number a
Page 260 and 261: United Kingdom. n.d. Rotuli parliam
Page 262 and 263: 20.3 Compounds and Words Formed wit
Page 264 and 265: ABBREVIATIONS. Form plurals of abbr
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Page 268 and 269: foodbornechildlikeworldwideExceptio
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Page 274 and 275: Abbreviations. Do not break abbrevi
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Page 284 and 285: 21.8.2 BracketsBrackets are most of
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treaties, government programs, and
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22.2.2 Words Defined as TermsTo emp
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given with an initial capital only.
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Web sites referred to generally (MS
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so, be consistent.If you are writin
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ROUND NUMBERS. Spell out a round nu
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23.1.6 Names with NumbersSome types
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In most numbers of four or more dig
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The research was conducted over sev
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do not, reconsider the structure of
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disciplines. If you are writing a p
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24.2.1 Personal NamesIn general, do
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24.2.3 Academic DegreesYou may use
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She was ineligible for the presiden
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24.4 Time and Dates24.4.1 TimeYou m
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Depending on the context, you may e
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24.6.3 New TestamentNote that the a
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parenthetical statements in the tex
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25.3.1 Permissible Changes25.3.2 Om
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The same placement options apply to
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R. ROISTER DOISTER. Except I have h
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INSERTIONS. If you need to insert a
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If you omit material between senten
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sometimes used interchangeably with
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Sources: Data from Richard H. Adams
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This grid of columns (vertical) and
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26.2.5 The StubThe leftmost column
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designate notes with asterisks, bot
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sentences. Such captions are also c
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hand) before submitting it. Softwar
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Many departments and universities h
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www.itpub.net
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www.itpub.net
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TITLE PAGE. Class papers should beg
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—New York Sun, February 13, 1917E
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class paper) includes many foreign
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www.itpub.net
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CHAPTERS. Most theses and dissertat
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that appear together without interv
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Examples of such material would be
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A.3 Submission RequirementsA.3.1 Pr
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Keep a table that cannot be present
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multimedia files.BibliographyThere
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The Booklist. Chicago: American Lib
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1. Bowman, John S., ed. The Cambrid
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Visual Representation of Data (Tabl
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4. Walford, Albert J., Anthony Chal
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University Press, 2004.2. Ward, Sir
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3. Øyen, Else, ed. Comparative Met
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http://www netlibrary.com.2. Warner
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EducationGeography4. Journal of Eco
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5. Garner, Bryan A. The Elements of
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Sociology3. Kennedy, J. Library Res
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1. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scient
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Chemistry4. Genetics Citation Index
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MathematicsPhysics2. Seyfert, Carl
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Chicago. He is the author of Style:
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of abbreviations list, 389in biblio
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See also figuresBC, 328, 339BCE, 32
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visual and performing arts, sources
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URLs, 177of words derived from pers
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working hypothesis as, 50-51See als
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headline-style capitalization and,
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of journal articles, citation of in
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drama. See plays; theater, citation
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eference list-style citation of, 25
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highlights in, 86-87inserted into f
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front matter, 377-391; abstract, 39
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See also figures; graphicsgrouped b
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methods of research illustrated on,
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as topic source, 14, 17journal writ
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magazinesbibliography-style citatio
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newspapersabbreviation of, 336-337a
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lists and, 329-330with names, 323-3
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multivolume dissertation, 375-376te
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in figure captions, 370function of,
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slash separating lines of, 350posse
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in glossary, 390line breaks and hyp
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from foreign language, 312integrati
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purpose of, 221specific requirement
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esearch method page, 390Reverend, u
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sentencesquoted material ending in,
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See also literature review; note-ta
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hard copy submission, 407-408prepar
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3-em dash, 148-149, 304timeabbrevia
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See also questions, researchtransit
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as primary sources, 25reference lis
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www.itpub.net
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