A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

18.1.5 NumbersIn titles, numbers are spelled out or given in numerals exactly as they are in the original. Pagenumbers that are in roman numerals in the original are presented in lowercase romannumerals. All other numbers (such as chapter numbers or figure numbers) are given in arabicnumerals, even if they are in roman numerals or spelled out in the original.18.1.6 AbbreviationsAbbreviate terms such as editor, translator, and volume (ed., trans., and vol.). The plural isusually formed by adding s (eds.) unless the abbreviation ends in an s (use trans. for bothsingular and plural). Your local guidelines may allow you to use additional abbreviations suchas Univ. for University.18.1.7 IndentationReference list entries have a hanging indentation: the first line is flush left and all followinglines are indented the same space as paragraphs. Parenthetical citations are placed within thetext and are not indented.18.2 Reference ListsIn papers that use parenthetical citations–reference list style, the reference list presents fullbibliographical information for all the sources cited in parenthetical citations (other than a fewspecial types of sources; see 18.2.2). You may also include works that were important to yourthinking but that you did not specifically mention in the text. In addition to providingbibliographical information, reference lists show readers the extent of your research and itsrelationship to prior work, and they help readers use your sources in their own research. If youuse this citation style, you must include a reference list in your paper.Label the list References. See figure A.16 in the appendix for a sample page of a referencelist.18.2.1 Arrangement of EntriesALPHABETICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL BY AUTHOR. A reference list is normally a singlelist of all sources arranged alphabetically by the last name of the author, editor, or whoever isfirst in each entry. (For alphabetizing foreign names, compound names, and other specialcases, see 19.1.1.) Most word processors provide an alphabetical sorting function; if you useit, be sure each entry is followed by a hard return. If you are writing a thesis or dissertation,your department or university may specify that you should alphabetize the entries letter byletter or word by word; see 18.56–59 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition (2003), foran explanation of these two systems.