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A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

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P: (Pliny the Elder, Perseus Digital Library). . . as illustrated in Pliny the Elder's treatise The Natural History (Perseus Digital Library).19.6 Unpublished SourcesSources that have never been published can be more difficult <strong>for</strong> readers to locate thanpublished ones, because they exist in only one place <strong>and</strong> lack <strong>of</strong>ficial publication in<strong>for</strong>mation.When citing such sources in your reference list, it is especially important to include all <strong>of</strong> thein<strong>for</strong>mation listed below to give readers as much help as possible.Titles <strong>of</strong> unpublished works are given in roman type <strong>and</strong> not enclosed in quotation marks oritalicized. This <strong>for</strong>mat difference distinguishes them from similar but published works.19.6.1 Theses <strong>and</strong> DissertationsIf you consult an unpublished thesis or dissertation in print <strong>for</strong>m, treat it as an unpublishedmanuscript. After the author, date (if available), <strong>and</strong> title, list the kind <strong>of</strong> thesis <strong>and</strong> theacademic institution. Abbreviate dissertation as diss. The word unpublished is unnecessary.R: Murphy, Priscilla Coit. 2000. What a book can do: Silent Spring <strong>and</strong> media-borne public debate. PhDdiss., University <strong>of</strong> North Carolina.Culcasi, Karen Leigh. 2003. Cartographic representations <strong>of</strong> Kurdistan in the print media. Master's thesis,Syracuse University.To cite a dissertation consulted in an online database, add the name <strong>of</strong> the database, theURL, <strong>and</strong> the access date following the institutional in<strong>for</strong>mation in your reference list. (Formicro<strong>for</strong>m editions, see 19.5.7.)R: Murphy, Priscilla Coit. 2000. What a book can do: Silent Spring <strong>and</strong> media-borne public debate. PhDdiss., University <strong>of</strong> North Carolina. In ProQuest Dissertations <strong>and</strong> Theses,http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=727710781&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=13392&RQT=309&VName=PQD (accessed April 1, 2006).19.6.2 Lectures <strong>and</strong> Papers Presented at MeetingsAfter the author, date, <strong>and</strong> title <strong>of</strong> the speech or paper, list the sponsorship, location, <strong>and</strong> (ifavailable) specific day <strong>of</strong> the meeting at which it was given. The word unpublished isunnecessary.R: Troutman, John. 2005. Indian blues: American Indians <strong>and</strong> the politics <strong>of</strong> music, 1890–1935. Lecture,Newberry Library, Chicago, IL. February 2.Grad, Karene. 2004. When high culture was popular culture. Paper presented at the annual meeting <strong>of</strong> theOrganization <strong>of</strong> American Historians, Boston, MA. March 26.Skocpol, Theda. 2003. Voice <strong>and</strong> inequality: The trans<strong>for</strong>mation <strong>of</strong> American civic democracy.Presidential address, annual meeting <strong>of</strong> the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, PA.August 28.

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