A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

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19.2.1 Author's NameGive authors' names exactly as they appear at the heads of their articles. Follow the guidelinesfor book authors in 19.1.1.19.2.2 Date of PublicationThe main date of publication for a journal article consists only of a year. In a reference list entry, set it off asits own element with periods following the author's name. In a parenthetical citation, put it after the author'sname without intervening punctuation.R: Burns, Sarah. 2005. Ordering the artist's body: Thomas Eakins's acts of self-portrayal. American Art19, no. 1 (Spring): 82–107.Jenkins, J. Craig, David Jacobs, and Jon Agnone. 2003. Political opportunities and African-Americanprotest, 1948–1997. American Journal of Sociology 109, no. 2 (September): 277–303.P: (Burns 2005, 95)(Jenkins, Jacobs, and Agnone 2003, 298–99)Notice that additional date information may appear in parentheses later in a reference listentry, after the volume number (or issue number, if given; see 19.2.5).If an article has been accepted for publication but has not yet appeared, use forthcoming inplace of the date (and page numbers). To avoid confusion, include a comma after the author'sname in a parenthetical citation of this type. Treat any article not yet accepted for publicationas an unpublished manuscript (see 19.6).R: Author, Margaret M. Forthcoming. Article title. Journal Name 98.P: (Author, forthcoming)19.2.3 Article TitleList complete article titles and subtitles. Use roman type, separate the title from the subtitlewith a colon, and do not use quotation marks. Use sentence-style capitalization (see 22.3.1).R: Green, Nancy L. 2005. The politics of exit: Reversing the immigration paradigm. Journal of ModernHistory 77 (June): 263–89.Terms normally italicized in text, such as species names and book titles, remain italicizedwithin an article title; terms normally quoted in text remain in double quotation marks. Do notput a comma or period after an article title or subtitle that ends with a question mark or anexclamation point.R: Lewis, Judith. 1998. “'Tis a misfortune to be a great ladie”: Maternal mortality in the Britisharistocracy, 1558–1959. Journal of British Studies 37:26–40.Loften, Peter. 1989. Reverberations between wordplay and swordplay in Hamlet. Aeolian Studies 2:12–www.itpub.net
29.Williamson, George S. 2000. What killed August von Kotzebue? The temptations of virtue and thepolitical theology of German nationalism, 1789–1819. Journal of Modern History 72 (December): 890–943.Foreign-language titles should also be capitalized sentence style according to theconventions of the particular language. If you add an English translation, enclose it inbrackets, without quotation marks.R: Bouchard, Gérard. 1979. Un essai d'anthropologie régionale: L'histoire sociale du Saguenay aux XIXeet XXe siècles. Annales: Économies, sociétés, civilisations 34 (January): 118–34.Kern, W. 1938. Waar verzamelde Pigafetta zijn Maleise woorden? [Where did Pigafetta collect hisMalaysian words?] Tijdschrift voor Indische taal-, land- en volkenkunde 78:271–73.19.2.4 Journal TitleAfter the article title, list the journal title in italics, with headline-style capitalization (see22.3.1). Give the title exactly as it appears on the title page or above the table of contents ofthe journal; do not use abbreviations, although you can omit an initial The (Journal ofBusiness). If the official title is an initialism such as PMLA, do not expand it. For foreignlanguagejournals, you may use either headline-style or sentence-style capitalization, butretain all initial articles (Der Spiegel).19.2.5 Issue InformationIn addition to a date of publication, most reference list entries include volume number andissue number. Readers may not need all of these elements to locate an article, but includingthem all guards against a possible error in one of them.The volume number follows the journal title without intervening punctuation and is notitalicized. Use arabic numerals even if the journal itself uses roman numerals. If there is anissue number, it follows the volume number, separated by a comma and preceded by no. Ifyou have any additional date information beyond the year of publication (see 19.2.2), includeit in parentheses after the volume and issue number. For such information, follow the practiceof the journal; it may include a season, a month, or an exact day. Capitalize seasons in journalcitations, even though they are not capitalized in text.R: Mackay, Christopher S. 1999. Lactantius and the succession to Diocletian. Classical Philology 94, no.2:198–209.Kumar, Rahul. 2003. Reasonable reasons in contractualist moral argument. Ethics 114 (October): 6–37.When a journal uses issue numbers only, without volume numbers, a comma follows thejournal title.R: Beattie, J. M. 1974. The pattern of crime in England, 1660–1800. Past and Present, no. 62:47–95.19.2.6 Page Numbers and Other Locating Information
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A Manual for Writers of Research Pa
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Indexing BooksNancy C. MulvanyGetti
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Part I Research and Writing: From P
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15 General Introduction to Citation
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Appendix: Paper Format and Submissi
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that have emerged since 2003 and th
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We first discuss the aims of resear
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You may think your report will add
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1.2 Three Kinds of Questions That R
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That impulse is understandable. But
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You might even post those five goal
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knowledge:masks in religious ceremo
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9. Look for questions that other re
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esearch. You can, of course, look f
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If you can think of only one or two
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3.3.2 Skim the Internet3.3.3 Talk t
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understand what you think until you
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translator(s)What data identify the
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(Bibliographic Index is a bibliogra
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Skim bibliographies of recent books
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influential a source is by how ofte
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4.5 Review Your Progress4.5.1 Searc
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PART-WHOLE CONTRADICTIONS. You can
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label the places (see fig. 4.1, wit
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major reasons, and so on). Highligh
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two, and if you take notes on a com
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4.6 Manage Moments of Normal PanicT
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good research report, readers hear
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think your answer is significant, i
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differently, you must acknowledge a
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Around here, when it's a warm night
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To accept that claim, readers must
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5.6 Assemble an ArgumentHere is a s
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6.2.6).6.2 Create a Plan That Meets
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2. Rephrase your question as a lack
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You can follow the same procedure t
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its end expressing its point. That
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7.10 Guard against Inappropriate As
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y their lack of original thinking.
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Now might I do it [kill him] pat, n
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As one invention begets another one
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2. What help must you acknowledge i
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families were headed by a single mo
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A.3.1 on creating and inserting tab
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1. Include only relevant data. If y
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BAR CHARTS. Bar charts communicate
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Figure 8.7 shows how a stacked bar
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that states the claim you want the
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www.itpub.net
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9.2 Make Sure the Body of Your Repo
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Of each section, ask What question
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give them a framework for understan
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you just surveyed:Ever since Girola
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Be sure to include in these openers
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11.5 Give It Up and Print It OutYou
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principal demonstrates that she is
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squeezed into so little volume chan
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Most instructors and editors do agr
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problem is the ones you are sure of
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comments so that you can do better
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13.1.2 Understand the Difference be
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of us do), you can then skip to the
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want to listen to them. Your aims a
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15.2.2 Information Required in Cita
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journal, collection, or series it a
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deciding how much change counts as
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You can assemble your bibliography
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information about the source (autho
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3. Author(s) Plus Editor or Transla
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16.1.3 CapitalizationCapitalize mos
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university may specify that you sho
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You may choose to include in your b
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16.3.5 Complex NotesCITATIONS. If y
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full note.N: 5. Jan H. Kalicki and
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number of a reference is the same a
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17.1.2 Title17.1.3 Edition17.1.4 Vo
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17.7 Informally Published Electroni
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17.1 BooksBooks reflect a wider ran
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4. Timothy E. Fulop and Albert J. R
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Many Spanish last names are compoun
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B: Aaron, Henry. Why Is Welfare So
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B: Pelikan, Jaroslav. Christian Doc
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Cambridge, MA: MIT PressChapel Hill
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illustration number.N: 50. Richard
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N: 3. Anne Carr and Douglas J. Schu
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download or other delivery from a b
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B: Jenkins, J. Craig, David Jacobs,
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B: Schapiro, Mark. “New Power for
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Articles published online. For onli
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parenthetical notes (see 16.4.3). Y
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Page 192 and 193: with Harry N. Abrams, 1998. Publish
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Page 202 and 203: Style: The Basic Form18.1 Basic Pat
Page 204 and 205: In reference list entries, separate
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Page 208 and 209: If your reference list includes two
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Page 214 and 215: 19.5.8 CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs19.5.9 On
Page 216 and 217: This chapter provides detailed info
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Page 220 and 221: Van Rensselaer, StephenMedici, Lore
Page 222 and 223: Dates. Use a comma to set off dates
Page 224 and 225: When you cite an edition other than
Page 226 and 227: Some numbered series have existed f
Page 228 and 229: SPECIAL TYPES OF LOCATORS. Some par
Page 230 and 231: Calhoun, Craig. 2005. Foreword to M
Page 234 and 235: For a reference list entry, give th
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Page 242 and 243: In your reference list, cite works
Page 244 and 245: 19.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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Page 248 and 249: enclosed in quotation marks. Use he
Page 250 and 251: P: (Federal Express, “Caveman”
Page 252 and 253: If your paper is in literary studie
Page 254 and 255: R: U.S. Congress. Congressional Rec
Page 256 and 257: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1975. Me
Page 258 and 259: language, provide the page number a
Page 260 and 261: United Kingdom. n.d. Rotuli parliam
Page 262 and 263: 20.3 Compounds and Words Formed wit
Page 264 and 265: ABBREVIATIONS. Form plurals of abbr
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Page 268 and 269: foodbornechildlikeworldwideExceptio
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Page 272 and 273: when the prefix precedes a compound
Page 274 and 275: Abbreviations. Do not break abbrevi
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If the included question is at the
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21.8.2 BracketsBrackets are most of
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We have noted similar motifs in Jap
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Chiang Kai-shekthe Honda Motor Comp
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treaties, government programs, and
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22.2.2 Words Defined as TermsTo emp
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given with an initial capital only.
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Web sites referred to generally (MS
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so, be consistent.If you are writin
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ROUND NUMBERS. Spell out a round nu
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23.1.6 Names with NumbersSome types
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In most numbers of four or more dig
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The research was conducted over sev
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do not, reconsider the structure of
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disciplines. If you are writing a p
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24.2.1 Personal NamesIn general, do
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24.2.3 Academic DegreesYou may use
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She was ineligible for the presiden
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24.4 Time and Dates24.4.1 TimeYou m
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Depending on the context, you may e
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24.6.3 New TestamentNote that the a
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parenthetical statements in the tex
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25.3.1 Permissible Changes25.3.2 Om
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The same placement options apply to
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R. ROISTER DOISTER. Except I have h
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INSERTIONS. If you need to insert a
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If you omit material between senten
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sometimes used interchangeably with
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Sources: Data from Richard H. Adams
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This grid of columns (vertical) and
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26.2.5 The StubThe leftmost column
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designate notes with asterisks, bot
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sentences. Such captions are also c
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hand) before submitting it. Softwar
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Many departments and universities h
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www.itpub.net
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www.itpub.net
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TITLE PAGE. Class papers should beg
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—New York Sun, February 13, 1917E
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class paper) includes many foreign
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www.itpub.net
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CHAPTERS. Most theses and dissertat
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that appear together without interv
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Examples of such material would be
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A.3 Submission RequirementsA.3.1 Pr
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Keep a table that cannot be present
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multimedia files.BibliographyThere
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The Booklist. Chicago: American Lib
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1. Bowman, John S., ed. The Cambrid
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Visual Representation of Data (Tabl
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4. Walford, Albert J., Anthony Chal
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University Press, 2004.2. Ward, Sir
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3. Øyen, Else, ed. Comparative Met
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http://www netlibrary.com.2. Warner
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EducationGeography4. Journal of Eco
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5. Garner, Bryan A. The Elements of
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Sociology3. Kennedy, J. Library Res
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1. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scient
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Chemistry4. Genetics Citation Index
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MathematicsPhysics2. Seyfert, Carl
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Chicago. He is the author of Style:
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of abbreviations list, 389in biblio
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See also figuresBC, 328, 339BCE, 32
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visual and performing arts, sources
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URLs, 177of words derived from pers
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working hypothesis as, 50-51See als
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headline-style capitalization and,
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of journal articles, citation of in
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drama. See plays; theater, citation
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eference list-style citation of, 25
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highlights in, 86-87inserted into f
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front matter, 377-391; abstract, 39
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See also figures; graphicsgrouped b
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methods of research illustrated on,
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as topic source, 14, 17journal writ
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magazinesbibliography-style citatio
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newspapersabbreviation of, 336-337a
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lists and, 329-330with names, 323-3
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multivolume dissertation, 375-376te
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in figure captions, 370function of,
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slash separating lines of, 350posse
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in glossary, 390line breaks and hyp
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from foreign language, 312integrati
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purpose of, 221specific requirement
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esearch method page, 390Reverend, u
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sentencesquoted material ending in,
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See also literature review; note-ta
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hard copy submission, 407-408prepar
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3-em dash, 148-149, 304timeabbrevia
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See also questions, researchtransit
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as primary sources, 25reference lis
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www.itpub.net
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