A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

3. To show readers the research tradition that informs your work. Researchers cite sourceswhose data they use, but they also cite work that they extend, support, contradict, orcorrect. These citations help readers not only understand your specific project but connectit to other research in your field.4. To help readers follow or extend your research. Many readers use sources cited in aresearch paper not to check its reliability but to pursue their own work. So your citationshelp others not only to follow your footsteps, but to strike out in new directions.15.2 The Requirements of CitationTo fulfill the requirements of citation, you need to know when to include a source citation inyour paper and what information about the source to include.15.2.1 Situations Requiring CitationsChapter 7, particularly 7.9, discusses in depth when you should cite materials from othersources. Briefly, you should always provide a citation in the following situations:when you quote exact words from a source (see also chapter 25 on quotations)when you paraphrase ideas that are associated with a specific source, even if you don'tquote exact words from itwhen you use any idea, data, or method attributable to any source you consultedAs noted in 15.1, you may also use citations to point readers to sources that are relevant to aparticular portion of your argument but not quoted or paraphrased. Such citations demonstratethat you are familiar with these sources, even if they present claims at odds with your own.15.2.2 Information Required in CitationsOver the long tradition of citing sources, as researchers in different fields began to write indifferent ways, they also developed distinctive ways of citing and documenting their sources.When citation methods became standardized, researchers had to choose from not just one ortwo standards but many.Citation styles differ in the elements included and in the format of these elements, but theyhave the same aim: to give readers the information they need to identify and find a source. Formost sources, including books, articles, unpublished documents, online sources, and otherwritten material, that information must answer these questions:Who wrote, edited, or translated the text (sometimes all three)?What data identify the text? This includes the title and subtitle of the work; title of the