A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

Many departments and universities have eliminated these distinctions and now requireconsistent placement of page numbers throughout a thesis or dissertation. Some specify one ofthe three locations, while others allow students to choose one. Check your local guidelines.OTHER IDENTIFIERS. In some settings, you may be allowed or even encouraged to includeidentifying information besides the page number in the header or footer. For a class paper,your instructor may ask you to include your last name, the date of the paper, or a designationsuch as “First Draft.” For longer papers, chapter or section titles help readers keep track oftheir location in the text. The requirements for headers and footers in theses and dissertationsare still evolving, so consult your local guidelines.A.1.5 TitlesDepending on its complexity, your paper may consist of many elements, as described in A.2,and most of them should have a title. Use the same typography and format for the titles of allelements, traditionally centered roman type with all capital letters (as shown in the samples inthis appendix). Any number designations that precede a title (for example, Part II: The EarlyYears) should match the title in typography and format.If your paper includes chapters, make the chapter titles and number designationstypographically consistent but different from the titles of elements. In most cases, use romantype with headline-style capitalization unless your local guidelines require sentence-stylecapitalization (see 22.3.1 for the two styles). For subheadings within chapters, see A.2.2.If your local guidelines are flexible, you may use different typography and format from thosedescribed here for various types of titles. All titles of a given type should be consistent, andeach type should be different from all others. Titles of larger divisions (parts, chapters) shouldbe more visually prominent than subheadings. In general, titles are more prominent whencentered, in boldface or italic type, in all capital letters, or capitalized headline style thanwhen flush left, in regular type, or capitalized sentence style.The most efficient way to ensure consistency in titles is to define and apply a style for eachtype of title (including typeface, capitalization, position, and so forth) using a commonsoftware function (see A.3.1).A.2 Format Requirements for Specific ElementsIn addition to the general requirements outlined in A.1, specific elements of a paper havespecific format requirements. This section describes elements most commonly found in classpapers, theses, and dissertations, and it provides samples of many of them. All of the samplesexcept figures A.1 and A.8 are pages drawn from dissertations written at the University ofChicago. As needed, the pages have been edited to match the style and formatrecommendations in this manual. If your instructor, department, or university has specificguidelines that differ from these samples, they take precedence.www.itpub.net