A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

19.6.3 Interviews and Personal CommunicationsTo cite an unpublished interview (including one you have conducted yourself), begin areference list entry with the names of the person interviewed and the interviewer; also includethe place and date of the interview (if known) and the location of any tapes or transcripts (ifavailable). (For broadcast interviews, see 19.8.3.)R: Macmillan, Andrew. 2007. Interview by author. San Diego, CA. March 2.Spock, Benjamin. 1974. Interview by Milton J. E. Senn. November 20. Interview 67A, transcript, SennOral History Collection, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.In parenthetical citations, use the name of the person interviewed, not that of theinterviewer.P: (Macmillan 2007)(Spock 1974)If you cannot reveal the name of the person interviewed, use only a parenthetical citation,with information appropriate to the context. You can also weave some or all of thisinformation into the text, but you do not need to include the interview in your reference list.Explain the absence of a name (“All interviews were confidential; the names of intervieweesare withheld by mutual agreement”) in a footnote or a preface.P: (interview with a health care worker, August 10, 2006)Cite conversations, letters, e-mail messages, and the like only in parenthetical citations.You generally need not include them in your reference list, although you may choose toinclude a specific communication that is critical to your argument or frequently cited. The keyelements, which should be separated with commas, are the name of the other person, the date,and the type of communication. In many cases, you may be able to include some or all of thisinformation in the text. Omit e-mail addresses. To cite postings to electronic mailing lists, see19.7.3.P: (Maxine Greene, September 29, 2005, e-mail message to author)In a telephone conversation with the author on October 12, 2006, Colonel William Rich revealed that . . .19.6.4 Manuscript CollectionsDocuments from collections of unpublished manuscripts involve more complicated and variedelements than published sources. In your citations, include as much identifying information asyou can, format the elements consistently, and adapt the general patterns outlined here asneeded.ELEMENTS TO INCLUDE AND THEIR ORDER. If you cite multiple documents from acollection, list the collection as a whole in your reference list, under the name of thecollection, the author(s) of the items in the collection, or the depository. For similar types ofunpublished material that have not been placed in archives, replace information about thewww.itpub.net