A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

Use a semicolon before the words then, however, thus, hence, indeed, accordingly, besides,and therefore when those words are used transitionally between two independent clauses.Some think freedom always comes with democracy; however, many voters in many countries have voted forgovernments that they know will restrict their rights.When items in a series have internal punctuation, separate them with semicolons (see also21.2.2).Green indicates vegetation that remained stable; red, vegetation that disappeared; yellow, new vegetation.21.4 ColonA colon introduces a clause, phrase, or series of elements that expands, clarifies, orexemplifies the meaning of what precedes it. Between independent clauses, it functions muchlike a semicolon, though more strongly emphasizing balance or consequence.People expect three things of government: peace, prosperity, and respect for civil rights.Chinese culture is unrivaled in its depth and antiquity: it is unmatched in its rich artistic and philosophicalrecords.Use a colon to introduce illustrative material or a list. Do not place a colon directly after averb; instead, use an introductory element such as the following or as follows. (See also23.4.2.)The qualifications are as follows: a doctorate in economics and an ability to communicate statistical data to alay audience.but notThe qualifications are: a doctorate in economics . . .Note that the first word following a colon within a sentence is generally not capitalized unlessit is a proper noun. For capitalization in quotations introduced by a colon, see chapter 25.Colons are also used in titles (see 17.1.2 and 19.1.3), in notations of time (23.1.5), in URLs(17.1.7 and 19.1.8), and in various ways in citations.21.5 Question MarkPut a question mark at the end of a complete sentence phrased as a question. If the questionmark is the terminal punctuation, it should be followed by a single space.Who would lead the nation in its hour of need?Put a question mark after a clause phrased as a question and included as part of a sentence.Do not use quotation marks unless the question is a quotation and the rest of the sentence isnot.Would the union agree? was the critical question.