A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

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United Kingdom. n.d. Rotuli parliamentorum . . . (1278–1504). 6 vols. N.p.United Kingdom. 1810–28. Statutes of the Realm. Ed. A. Luders and others. 11 vols. London.P: (United Kingdom, 1810–28)19.9.11 Publications of International BodiesIf you cite documents of international bodies such as the United Nations, identify theauthorizing body (and the author or editor where appropriate), the date, and the topic or titleof the document. Also include series and publication numbers, place of publication, andpublisher. You may use abbreviations for major bodies (UN for United Nations, WTO forWorld Trade Organization, and so forth) where the reference is clear.R: League of Nations. 1935. Position of Women of Russian Origin in the Far East. Ser. LoNP, IV.3.Geneva: League of Nations.General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. 1994. The Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral TradeNegotiations: The Legal Texts. Geneva: GATT Secretariat.P: (League of Nations 1935)(GATT 1994)19.9.12 Unpublished Government DocumentsIf you cite unpublished government documents, follow the patterns described in 19.6.4.Most unpublished documents of the U.S. government are housed in the National Archives(NA) in Washington, DC, or in one of its branches. Cite them all, including films,photographs, and sound recordings as well as written materials, by record group (RG)number.The comparable institution for unpublished Canadian government documents is theNational Archives of Canada (NAC) in Ottawa, Ontario. The United Kingdom has a numberof depositories of unpublished government documents, most notably the Public Record Office(PRO) and the British Library (BL), both in London.19.9.13 Online Public DocumentsTo cite online public documents, follow the relevant examples presented elsewhere in 19.9. Inaddition, include the URL and the date you accessed the material (see 15.4.1). Note that aURL alone is not sufficient; you must provide the full facts of publication, as far as they canbe determined, so that a reader can search for the source if the URL changes. If page numbersare not available, you may identify the location of a cited passage in a parenthetical citationby adding a descriptive locator (such as a preceding subheading) following the word under.R: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 2004. Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the UnitedStates, 2004. http://www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/p60–229.pdf (accessed December 19, 2005).www.itpub.net
P: (U.S. Bureau of the Census 2004, under “Ratio of Income to Poverty Level”)or(U.S. Bureau of the Census 2004)19.10 One Source Quoted in AnotherResponsible researchers avoid repeating quotations that they have not actually seen in theoriginal. If one source includes a useful quotation from another source, readers expect you toobtain the original to verify not only that the quotation is accurate, but also that it fairlyrepresents what the original meant.If the original source is unavailable, however, cite it as “quoted in” the secondary source inyour reference list. In a parenthetical citation, give only the name of the original author.R: Zukofsky, Louis. 1931. Sincerity and objectification. Poetry 37 (February): 269. Quoted in BonnieCostello, Marianne Moore: Imaginary possessions (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981).P: (Zukofsky 1931, 269)The same situation may arise with a quotation you find in a secondary source drawn from aprimary source (see 3.1.1). Often, you will not be able to consult the primary source,especially if it is in an unpublished manuscript collection. In this case, follow the principlesoutlined above.PART IIIStyle20 Spelling20.1 Plurals20.1.1 General Rule20.1.2 Special Cases20.2 Possessives20.2.1 General Rule20.2.2 Special Cases
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A Manual for Writers of Research Pa
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Indexing BooksNancy C. MulvanyGetti
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Part I Research and Writing: From P
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15 General Introduction to Citation
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Appendix: Paper Format and Submissi
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that have emerged since 2003 and th
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We first discuss the aims of resear
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You may think your report will add
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1.2 Three Kinds of Questions That R
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That impulse is understandable. But
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You might even post those five goal
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knowledge:masks in religious ceremo
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9. Look for questions that other re
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esearch. You can, of course, look f
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If you can think of only one or two
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3.3.2 Skim the Internet3.3.3 Talk t
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understand what you think until you
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translator(s)What data identify the
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(Bibliographic Index is a bibliogra
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Skim bibliographies of recent books
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influential a source is by how ofte
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4.5 Review Your Progress4.5.1 Searc
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PART-WHOLE CONTRADICTIONS. You can
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label the places (see fig. 4.1, wit
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major reasons, and so on). Highligh
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two, and if you take notes on a com
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4.6 Manage Moments of Normal PanicT
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good research report, readers hear
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think your answer is significant, i
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differently, you must acknowledge a
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Around here, when it's a warm night
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To accept that claim, readers must
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5.6 Assemble an ArgumentHere is a s
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6.2.6).6.2 Create a Plan That Meets
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2. Rephrase your question as a lack
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You can follow the same procedure t
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its end expressing its point. That
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7.10 Guard against Inappropriate As
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y their lack of original thinking.
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Now might I do it [kill him] pat, n
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As one invention begets another one
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2. What help must you acknowledge i
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families were headed by a single mo
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A.3.1 on creating and inserting tab
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1. Include only relevant data. If y
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BAR CHARTS. Bar charts communicate
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Figure 8.7 shows how a stacked bar
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that states the claim you want the
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www.itpub.net
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9.2 Make Sure the Body of Your Repo
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Of each section, ask What question
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give them a framework for understan
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you just surveyed:Ever since Girola
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Be sure to include in these openers
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11.5 Give It Up and Print It OutYou
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principal demonstrates that she is
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squeezed into so little volume chan
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Most instructors and editors do agr
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problem is the ones you are sure of
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comments so that you can do better
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13.1.2 Understand the Difference be
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of us do), you can then skip to the
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want to listen to them. Your aims a
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15.2.2 Information Required in Cita
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journal, collection, or series it a
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deciding how much change counts as
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You can assemble your bibliography
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information about the source (autho
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3. Author(s) Plus Editor or Transla
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16.1.3 CapitalizationCapitalize mos
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university may specify that you sho
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You may choose to include in your b
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16.3.5 Complex NotesCITATIONS. If y
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full note.N: 5. Jan H. Kalicki and
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number of a reference is the same a
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17.1.2 Title17.1.3 Edition17.1.4 Vo
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17.7 Informally Published Electroni
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17.1 BooksBooks reflect a wider ran
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4. Timothy E. Fulop and Albert J. R
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Many Spanish last names are compoun
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B: Aaron, Henry. Why Is Welfare So
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B: Pelikan, Jaroslav. Christian Doc
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Cambridge, MA: MIT PressChapel Hill
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illustration number.N: 50. Richard
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N: 3. Anne Carr and Douglas J. Schu
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download or other delivery from a b
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B: Jenkins, J. Craig, David Jacobs,
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B: Schapiro, Mark. “New Power for
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Articles published online. For onli
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parenthetical notes (see 16.4.3). Y
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N: 34. Hazel V. Clark, Mesopotamia:
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17.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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Locating information. Although some
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consistently, and adapt the general
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For video recordings, see 17.8.5; f
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with Harry N. Abrams, 1998. Publish
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note.N: 4. Senator Kennedy of Massa
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Executive departments, bureaus, and
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Lower federal courts. For lower fed
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them in your bibliography, although
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Style: The Basic Form18.1 Basic Pat
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In reference list entries, separate
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R: Chapter Author's Last Name, Chap
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If your reference list includes two
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Page 214 and 215: 19.5.8 CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs19.5.9 On
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Page 220 and 221: Van Rensselaer, StephenMedici, Lore
Page 222 and 223: Dates. Use a comma to set off dates
Page 224 and 225: When you cite an edition other than
Page 226 and 227: Some numbered series have existed f
Page 228 and 229: SPECIAL TYPES OF LOCATORS. Some par
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Page 232 and 233: 19.2.1 Author's NameGive authors' n
Page 234 and 235: For a reference list entry, give th
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Page 242 and 243: In your reference list, cite works
Page 244 and 245: 19.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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Page 250 and 251: P: (Federal Express, “Caveman”
Page 252 and 253: If your paper is in literary studie
Page 254 and 255: R: U.S. Congress. Congressional Rec
Page 256 and 257: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1975. Me
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Page 262 and 263: 20.3 Compounds and Words Formed wit
Page 264 and 265: ABBREVIATIONS. Form plurals of abbr
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Page 268 and 269: foodbornechildlikeworldwideExceptio
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Page 272 and 273: when the prefix precedes a compound
Page 274 and 275: Abbreviations. Do not break abbrevi
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Page 278 and 279: Do not use commas when all the elem
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Page 282 and 283: If the included question is at the
Page 284 and 285: 21.8.2 BracketsBrackets are most of
Page 286 and 287: We have noted similar motifs in Jap
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Page 292 and 293: 22.2.2 Words Defined as TermsTo emp
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Page 296 and 297: Web sites referred to generally (MS
Page 298 and 299: so, be consistent.If you are writin
Page 300 and 301: ROUND NUMBERS. Spell out a round nu
Page 302 and 303: 23.1.6 Names with NumbersSome types
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disciplines. If you are writing a p
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24.2.1 Personal NamesIn general, do
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24.2.3 Academic DegreesYou may use
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She was ineligible for the presiden
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24.4 Time and Dates24.4.1 TimeYou m
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Depending on the context, you may e
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24.6.3 New TestamentNote that the a
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parenthetical statements in the tex
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25.3.1 Permissible Changes25.3.2 Om
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The same placement options apply to
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R. ROISTER DOISTER. Except I have h
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INSERTIONS. If you need to insert a
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If you omit material between senten
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sometimes used interchangeably with
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Sources: Data from Richard H. Adams
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This grid of columns (vertical) and
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26.2.5 The StubThe leftmost column
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designate notes with asterisks, bot
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sentences. Such captions are also c
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hand) before submitting it. Softwar
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Many departments and universities h
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www.itpub.net
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www.itpub.net
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TITLE PAGE. Class papers should beg
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—New York Sun, February 13, 1917E
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class paper) includes many foreign
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www.itpub.net
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CHAPTERS. Most theses and dissertat
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that appear together without interv
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Examples of such material would be
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A.3 Submission RequirementsA.3.1 Pr
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Keep a table that cannot be present
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multimedia files.BibliographyThere
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The Booklist. Chicago: American Lib
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1. Bowman, John S., ed. The Cambrid
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Visual Representation of Data (Tabl
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4. Walford, Albert J., Anthony Chal
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University Press, 2004.2. Ward, Sir
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3. Øyen, Else, ed. Comparative Met
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http://www netlibrary.com.2. Warner
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EducationGeography4. Journal of Eco
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5. Garner, Bryan A. The Elements of
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Sociology3. Kennedy, J. Library Res
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1. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scient
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Chemistry4. Genetics Citation Index
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MathematicsPhysics2. Seyfert, Carl
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Chicago. He is the author of Style:
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of abbreviations list, 389in biblio
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See also figuresBC, 328, 339BCE, 32
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visual and performing arts, sources
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URLs, 177of words derived from pers
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working hypothesis as, 50-51See als
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headline-style capitalization and,
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of journal articles, citation of in
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drama. See plays; theater, citation
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eference list-style citation of, 25
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highlights in, 86-87inserted into f
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front matter, 377-391; abstract, 39
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See also figures; graphicsgrouped b
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methods of research illustrated on,
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as topic source, 14, 17journal writ
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magazinesbibliography-style citatio
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newspapersabbreviation of, 336-337a
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lists and, 329-330with names, 323-3
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multivolume dissertation, 375-376te
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in figure captions, 370function of,
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slash separating lines of, 350posse
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in glossary, 390line breaks and hyp
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from foreign language, 312integrati
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purpose of, 221specific requirement
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esearch method page, 390Reverend, u
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sentencesquoted material ending in,
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See also literature review; note-ta
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hard copy submission, 407-408prepar
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3-em dash, 148-149, 304timeabbrevia
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See also questions, researchtransit
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as primary sources, 25reference lis
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www.itpub.net
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