A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

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eference list–style citation of, 257as secondary or tertiary source, 25, 27sources found through, 30topic focus and, 15en dash, 303nendnotesdefined, 136disadvantages of, 151footnotes used with, 75, 151formatting, 152–153, 400, 403subheads within, 153See also footnotes; notesepigraphs, 352, 387equations and formulas, 325, 405et al., use of, 230ethicspresentation of data and, 94–95, 94, 95quotation of sources and, 348See also plagiarismethnic groups, names of, 290, 309evidenceargument based on, vs. warrant, 59–60vs. authority, 129–130“elevator story” version of, 127first draft of, 69, 75–76interpretation and introduction of, 75–76kind required, 19, 21, 22oral presentations and, 125ordering of (see ordering principles)outlining of, 63–64poster presentations and, 127www.itpub.net
primary sources for, 25quality of, 52–53quantitative (see graphics)readers' objections to, anticipation of, 53–54reasons distinguished from, 52relevance of (see warrants)storyboarding and search for, 21See also argument; claim; reasonsexclamation pointappropriate use of, 303with quotation marks, 307title ending in, 169, 182, 236, 248fact checking, 27federal courts. See legal casesfigures, 368–371abbreviation in, 337–338, 339, 360, 369in appendix vs. in text, 87, 360, 361, 369appropriate use of, 82–85, 84, 93, 96–97capitalization: in figures, 369, 370; of text references to figures, 370captions for, 370–371, 407; abbreviations explained in, 369; grouped figures, 360; in list of figures,388–389; on preceding page, 371, 407; with source line, 361, 371; word choice for, 85–86citation of: abbreviation of figure, 176, 243; acknowledgment, 362, 371; adapted data, 362;bibliography style, 176, 200–201, 361–362; reference list style, 243, 362; source lines, 361–362, 371color and shading, 87, 88, 369–370, 407computer software generating, 406defined, 82ndesign of, 87, 88, 89–93, 90, 91, 92, 93ethical use of, 94–95, 94, 95font size, 374, 407formatting, 87, 88, 89–93, 360–362, 369–371, 406–407; samples of, 90, 91, 92, 93, 395; source lines,361–362, 371grouped, 87, 360
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A Manual for Writers of Research Pa
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Indexing BooksNancy C. MulvanyGetti
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Part I Research and Writing: From P
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15 General Introduction to Citation
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Appendix: Paper Format and Submissi
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that have emerged since 2003 and th
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We first discuss the aims of resear
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You may think your report will add
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1.2 Three Kinds of Questions That R
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That impulse is understandable. But
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You might even post those five goal
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knowledge:masks in religious ceremo
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9. Look for questions that other re
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esearch. You can, of course, look f
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If you can think of only one or two
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3.3.2 Skim the Internet3.3.3 Talk t
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understand what you think until you
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translator(s)What data identify the
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(Bibliographic Index is a bibliogra
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Skim bibliographies of recent books
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influential a source is by how ofte
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4.5 Review Your Progress4.5.1 Searc
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PART-WHOLE CONTRADICTIONS. You can
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label the places (see fig. 4.1, wit
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major reasons, and so on). Highligh
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two, and if you take notes on a com
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4.6 Manage Moments of Normal PanicT
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good research report, readers hear
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think your answer is significant, i
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differently, you must acknowledge a
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Around here, when it's a warm night
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To accept that claim, readers must
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5.6 Assemble an ArgumentHere is a s
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6.2.6).6.2 Create a Plan That Meets
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2. Rephrase your question as a lack
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You can follow the same procedure t
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its end expressing its point. That
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7.10 Guard against Inappropriate As
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y their lack of original thinking.
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Now might I do it [kill him] pat, n
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As one invention begets another one
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2. What help must you acknowledge i
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families were headed by a single mo
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A.3.1 on creating and inserting tab
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1. Include only relevant data. If y
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BAR CHARTS. Bar charts communicate
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Figure 8.7 shows how a stacked bar
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that states the claim you want the
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www.itpub.net
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9.2 Make Sure the Body of Your Repo
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Of each section, ask What question
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give them a framework for understan
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you just surveyed:Ever since Girola
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Be sure to include in these openers
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11.5 Give It Up and Print It OutYou
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principal demonstrates that she is
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squeezed into so little volume chan
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Most instructors and editors do agr
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problem is the ones you are sure of
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comments so that you can do better
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13.1.2 Understand the Difference be
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of us do), you can then skip to the
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want to listen to them. Your aims a
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15.2.2 Information Required in Cita
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journal, collection, or series it a
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deciding how much change counts as
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You can assemble your bibliography
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information about the source (autho
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3. Author(s) Plus Editor or Transla
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16.1.3 CapitalizationCapitalize mos
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university may specify that you sho
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You may choose to include in your b
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16.3.5 Complex NotesCITATIONS. If y
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full note.N: 5. Jan H. Kalicki and
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number of a reference is the same a
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17.1.2 Title17.1.3 Edition17.1.4 Vo
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17.7 Informally Published Electroni
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17.1 BooksBooks reflect a wider ran
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4. Timothy E. Fulop and Albert J. R
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Many Spanish last names are compoun
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B: Aaron, Henry. Why Is Welfare So
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B: Pelikan, Jaroslav. Christian Doc
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Cambridge, MA: MIT PressChapel Hill
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illustration number.N: 50. Richard
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N: 3. Anne Carr and Douglas J. Schu
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download or other delivery from a b
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B: Jenkins, J. Craig, David Jacobs,
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B: Schapiro, Mark. “New Power for
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Articles published online. For onli
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parenthetical notes (see 16.4.3). Y
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N: 34. Hazel V. Clark, Mesopotamia:
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17.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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Locating information. Although some
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consistently, and adapt the general
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For video recordings, see 17.8.5; f
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with Harry N. Abrams, 1998. Publish
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note.N: 4. Senator Kennedy of Massa
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Executive departments, bureaus, and
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Lower federal courts. For lower fed
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them in your bibliography, although
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Style: The Basic Form18.1 Basic Pat
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In reference list entries, separate
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R: Chapter Author's Last Name, Chap
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If your reference list includes two
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18.3.1 Placement in TextWhenever yo
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citations. See 16.3.2-16.3.4 for no
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19.5.8 CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs19.5.9 On
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This chapter provides detailed info
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(Menchú 1999, 50-51)(Adorno and Be
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Van Rensselaer, StephenMedici, Lore
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Dates. Use a comma to set off dates
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When you cite an edition other than
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Some numbered series have existed f
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SPECIAL TYPES OF LOCATORS. Some par
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Calhoun, Craig. 2005. Foreword to M
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19.2.1 Author's NameGive authors' n
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For a reference list entry, give th
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the magazine in place of the author
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15.4.1). Note that a URL alone is n
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traditional or shorter abbreviation
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In your reference list, cite works
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19.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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followed by to and the name of the
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enclosed in quotation marks. Use he
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P: (Federal Express, “Caveman”
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If your paper is in literary studie
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R: U.S. Congress. Congressional Rec
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U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1975. Me
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language, provide the page number a
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United Kingdom. n.d. Rotuli parliam
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20.3 Compounds and Words Formed wit
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ABBREVIATIONS. Form plurals of abbr
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the role of the United Statesinstea
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foodbornechildlikeworldwideExceptio
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French Canadian explorerMiddle East
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when the prefix precedes a compound
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Abbreviations. Do not break abbrevi
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Special elements such as abbreviati
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Do not use commas when all the elem
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commas when such elements do not br
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If the included question is at the
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21.8.2 BracketsBrackets are most of
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We have noted similar motifs in Jap
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Chiang Kai-shekthe Honda Motor Comp
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treaties, government programs, and
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22.2.2 Words Defined as TermsTo emp
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given with an initial capital only.
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Web sites referred to generally (MS
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so, be consistent.If you are writin
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ROUND NUMBERS. Spell out a round nu
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23.1.6 Names with NumbersSome types
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In most numbers of four or more dig
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The research was conducted over sev
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do not, reconsider the structure of
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disciplines. If you are writing a p
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24.2.1 Personal NamesIn general, do
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24.2.3 Academic DegreesYou may use
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She was ineligible for the presiden
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24.4 Time and Dates24.4.1 TimeYou m
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Depending on the context, you may e
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24.6.3 New TestamentNote that the a
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parenthetical statements in the tex
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25.3.1 Permissible Changes25.3.2 Om
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The same placement options apply to
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R. ROISTER DOISTER. Except I have h
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INSERTIONS. If you need to insert a
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If you omit material between senten
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sometimes used interchangeably with
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Sources: Data from Richard H. Adams
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This grid of columns (vertical) and
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26.2.5 The StubThe leftmost column
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designate notes with asterisks, bot
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sentences. Such captions are also c
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hand) before submitting it. Softwar
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Many departments and universities h
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www.itpub.net
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www.itpub.net
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TITLE PAGE. Class papers should beg
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—New York Sun, February 13, 1917E
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class paper) includes many foreign
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www.itpub.net
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CHAPTERS. Most theses and dissertat
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that appear together without interv
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Examples of such material would be
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Page 384 and 385: 1. Bowman, John S., ed. The Cambrid
Page 386 and 387: Visual Representation of Data (Tabl
Page 388 and 389: 4. Walford, Albert J., Anthony Chal
Page 390 and 391: University Press, 2004.2. Ward, Sir
Page 392 and 393: 3. Øyen, Else, ed. Comparative Met
Page 394 and 395: http://www netlibrary.com.2. Warner
Page 396 and 397: EducationGeography4. Journal of Eco
Page 398 and 399: 5. Garner, Bryan A. The Elements of
Page 400 and 401: Sociology3. Kennedy, J. Library Res
Page 402 and 403: 1. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scient
Page 404 and 405: Chemistry4. Genetics Citation Index
Page 406 and 407: MathematicsPhysics2. Seyfert, Carl
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Page 410 and 411: of abbreviations list, 389in biblio
Page 412 and 413: See also figuresBC, 328, 339BCE, 32
Page 414 and 415: visual and performing arts, sources
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Page 424 and 425: drama. See plays; theater, citation
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Page 432 and 433: See also figures; graphicsgrouped b
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Page 436 and 437: as topic source, 14, 17journal writ
Page 438 and 439: magazinesbibliography-style citatio
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Page 442 and 443: lists and, 329-330with names, 323-3
Page 444 and 445: multivolume dissertation, 375-376te
Page 446 and 447: in figure captions, 370function of,
Page 448 and 449: slash separating lines of, 350posse
Page 450 and 451: in glossary, 390line breaks and hyp
Page 452 and 453: from foreign language, 312integrati
Page 454 and 455: purpose of, 221specific requirement
Page 456 and 457: esearch method page, 390Reverend, u
Page 458 and 459: sentencesquoted material ending in,
Page 460 and 461: See also literature review; note-ta
Page 462 and 463: hard copy submission, 407-408prepar
Page 464 and 465: 3-em dash, 148-149, 304timeabbrevia
Page 466 and 467: See also questions, researchtransit
Page 468 and 469: as primary sources, 25reference lis
Page 470: www.itpub.net
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