A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

so, be consistent.If you are writing a thesis or a dissertation, your department or university may have specificrequirements for presenting numbers, which are usually available from the office of thesesand dissertations. If you are writing a class paper, your instructor may also ask you to followcertain principles for presenting numbers. Review these requirements before you prepare yourpaper. They take precedence over the guidelines suggested here.23.1 Words or Numerals?The most common question in presenting numbers is whether to spell them out in words(twenty-two) or give them in numerals (22). When the number is followed by a unit ofmeasure, you must also decide whether to give that unit in words (percent) or as a symbol (%)or an abbreviation.The guidelines presented in 23.1–23.3 pertain to numbers used in the text of your paper.For numbers used in tables, figures, and citations and in the structure of your paper, see 23.4.Unless otherwise specified, numerals here means arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.). For romannumerals (i, ii, iii, etc.), see table 23.1.23.1.1 General RuleBefore you draft your paper, you should decide on a general rule for presenting numbers andfollow it consistently. Which rule you choose depends on how many numerical data you arepresenting and the conventions of your discipline. For situations in which you might modifythis rule, see 23.1.2–23.1.8.In the humanities and social sciences, if you use only a few numerical data, spell outnumbers from one through one hundred. If the number has two words, use a hyphen (fiftyfive).Also spell out round numbers followed by hundred, thousand, hundred thousand,million, and so on. For all other numbers, use arabic numerals. Follow this pattern fornumbers that are part of physical quantities (distances, lengths, temperatures, and so on), anddo not use abbreviations for the units in such quantities (see 24.5).www.itpub.net