A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

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parenthetical statements in the text of a paper. Consult your local guidelines on the use ofsuch abbreviations.Following is a list of the most common abbreviations used in citations and other scholarlycontexts. For most abbreviations, add s or es for plural forms, unless otherwise shown. Do notitalicize abbreviations of Latin terms. If you are not sure how to use a particular abbreviationappropriately, consult a reliable authority.abbr. - abbreviated, abbreviationabr. - abridged, abridgmentanon. - anonymousapp. - appendixassn. - associationb. - bornbib. - Bible, biblicalbibliog. - bibliography, bibliographerbiog. - biography, biographerbk. - bookca. - circa, about, approximatelycap. - capital, capitalizeCD - compact disccf. - confer, comparechap. - chaptercol. - columncomp. - compiler, compiled bycont. - continuedd. - dieddept. - departmentdict. - dictionarydiss. - dissertationdiv. - divisionDOI - digital object identifierDVD - digital versatile (or video) disced. - editor, edition, edited bye.g. - exempli gratia, for exampleesp. - especiallyet al. - et alii or et alia, and othersetc. - et cetera, and so forthex. - examplefig. - figureff. - and followingfol. - folioftp - file transfer protocolhttp - hypertext transfer protocolibid. - ibidem, in the same placeid. - idem, the samei.e. - id est, that isintl. - internationalintro. - introductionl. (pl. ll.) - lineloc. cit. - loco citato, in the place citedmisc. - miscellaneousMS (pl. MSS) - manuscriptn (pl. nn) - notenatl. - nationaln.b. - or NB nota bene, take careful notewww.itpub.net
n.d. - no dateno. - numbern.p. - no place; no publisher; no pageNS - New Style (dates)n.s. - new seriesop. cit. - opera citato, in the work citedorg. - organizationOS - Old Style (dates)o.s. - old seriesp. (pl. pp.) - pagepar. - paragraphpl. - plate; pluralPS - postscriptum, postscriptpseud. - pseudonympt. - partpub. - publication, publisher, published byq.v. - quod vide, which seer. - recto, rightrepr. - reprintrev. - revised, revised by, revision; review, reviewed byROM - read-only memorysec. - sectionser. - seriessing. - singularsoc. - societysup. - supra, abovesupp. - supplements.v. (pl. s.vv.) - sub verbo, sub voce, under the wordsyn. - synonym, synonymoustrans. - translated by, translatoruniv. - universityURL - uniform resource locatorusu. - usuallyv. (pl. vv.) - verse; verso, rightviz. - videlicet, namelyvol. - volumevs. or v. - versus (in legal contexts, use v.)25 Quotations25.1 Quoting Accurately and Avoiding Plagiarism25.2 Incorporating Quotations into Your Text25.2.1 Run-in Quotations25.2.2 Block Quotations25.3 Modifying Quotations
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A Manual for Writers of Research Pa
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Indexing BooksNancy C. MulvanyGetti
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Part I Research and Writing: From P
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15 General Introduction to Citation
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Appendix: Paper Format and Submissi
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that have emerged since 2003 and th
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We first discuss the aims of resear
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You may think your report will add
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1.2 Three Kinds of Questions That R
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That impulse is understandable. But
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You might even post those five goal
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knowledge:masks in religious ceremo
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9. Look for questions that other re
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esearch. You can, of course, look f
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If you can think of only one or two
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3.3.2 Skim the Internet3.3.3 Talk t
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understand what you think until you
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translator(s)What data identify the
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(Bibliographic Index is a bibliogra
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Skim bibliographies of recent books
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influential a source is by how ofte
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4.5 Review Your Progress4.5.1 Searc
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PART-WHOLE CONTRADICTIONS. You can
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label the places (see fig. 4.1, wit
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major reasons, and so on). Highligh
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two, and if you take notes on a com
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4.6 Manage Moments of Normal PanicT
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good research report, readers hear
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think your answer is significant, i
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differently, you must acknowledge a
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Around here, when it's a warm night
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To accept that claim, readers must
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5.6 Assemble an ArgumentHere is a s
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6.2.6).6.2 Create a Plan That Meets
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2. Rephrase your question as a lack
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You can follow the same procedure t
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its end expressing its point. That
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7.10 Guard against Inappropriate As
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y their lack of original thinking.
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Now might I do it [kill him] pat, n
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As one invention begets another one
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2. What help must you acknowledge i
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families were headed by a single mo
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A.3.1 on creating and inserting tab
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1. Include only relevant data. If y
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BAR CHARTS. Bar charts communicate
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Figure 8.7 shows how a stacked bar
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that states the claim you want the
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www.itpub.net
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9.2 Make Sure the Body of Your Repo
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Of each section, ask What question
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give them a framework for understan
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you just surveyed:Ever since Girola
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Be sure to include in these openers
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11.5 Give It Up and Print It OutYou
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principal demonstrates that she is
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squeezed into so little volume chan
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Most instructors and editors do agr
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problem is the ones you are sure of
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comments so that you can do better
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13.1.2 Understand the Difference be
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of us do), you can then skip to the
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want to listen to them. Your aims a
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15.2.2 Information Required in Cita
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journal, collection, or series it a
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deciding how much change counts as
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You can assemble your bibliography
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information about the source (autho
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3. Author(s) Plus Editor or Transla
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16.1.3 CapitalizationCapitalize mos
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university may specify that you sho
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You may choose to include in your b
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16.3.5 Complex NotesCITATIONS. If y
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full note.N: 5. Jan H. Kalicki and
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number of a reference is the same a
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17.1.2 Title17.1.3 Edition17.1.4 Vo
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17.7 Informally Published Electroni
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17.1 BooksBooks reflect a wider ran
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4. Timothy E. Fulop and Albert J. R
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Many Spanish last names are compoun
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B: Aaron, Henry. Why Is Welfare So
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B: Pelikan, Jaroslav. Christian Doc
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Cambridge, MA: MIT PressChapel Hill
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illustration number.N: 50. Richard
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N: 3. Anne Carr and Douglas J. Schu
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download or other delivery from a b
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B: Jenkins, J. Craig, David Jacobs,
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B: Schapiro, Mark. “New Power for
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Articles published online. For onli
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parenthetical notes (see 16.4.3). Y
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N: 34. Hazel V. Clark, Mesopotamia:
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17.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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Locating information. Although some
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consistently, and adapt the general
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For video recordings, see 17.8.5; f
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with Harry N. Abrams, 1998. Publish
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note.N: 4. Senator Kennedy of Massa
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Executive departments, bureaus, and
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Lower federal courts. For lower fed
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them in your bibliography, although
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Style: The Basic Form18.1 Basic Pat
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In reference list entries, separate
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R: Chapter Author's Last Name, Chap
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If your reference list includes two
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18.3.1 Placement in TextWhenever yo
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citations. See 16.3.2-16.3.4 for no
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19.5.8 CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs19.5.9 On
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This chapter provides detailed info
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(Menchú 1999, 50-51)(Adorno and Be
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Van Rensselaer, StephenMedici, Lore
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Dates. Use a comma to set off dates
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When you cite an edition other than
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Some numbered series have existed f
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SPECIAL TYPES OF LOCATORS. Some par
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Calhoun, Craig. 2005. Foreword to M
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19.2.1 Author's NameGive authors' n
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For a reference list entry, give th
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the magazine in place of the author
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15.4.1). Note that a URL alone is n
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traditional or shorter abbreviation
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In your reference list, cite works
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19.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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followed by to and the name of the
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enclosed in quotation marks. Use he
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P: (Federal Express, “Caveman”
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If your paper is in literary studie
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R: U.S. Congress. Congressional Rec
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U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1975. Me
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language, provide the page number a
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United Kingdom. n.d. Rotuli parliam
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20.3 Compounds and Words Formed wit
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ABBREVIATIONS. Form plurals of abbr
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the role of the United Statesinstea
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foodbornechildlikeworldwideExceptio
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French Canadian explorerMiddle East
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when the prefix precedes a compound
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Page 292 and 293: 22.2.2 Words Defined as TermsTo emp
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Page 298 and 299: so, be consistent.If you are writin
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Page 314 and 315: 24.2.3 Academic DegreesYou may use
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Page 338 and 339: Sources: Data from Richard H. Adams
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Page 359 and 360: TITLE PAGE. Class papers should beg
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Page 363 and 364: class paper) includes many foreign
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Examples of such material would be
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A.3 Submission RequirementsA.3.1 Pr
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Keep a table that cannot be present
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multimedia files.BibliographyThere
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The Booklist. Chicago: American Lib
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1. Bowman, John S., ed. The Cambrid
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Visual Representation of Data (Tabl
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4. Walford, Albert J., Anthony Chal
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University Press, 2004.2. Ward, Sir
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3. Øyen, Else, ed. Comparative Met
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http://www netlibrary.com.2. Warner
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EducationGeography4. Journal of Eco
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5. Garner, Bryan A. The Elements of
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Sociology3. Kennedy, J. Library Res
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1. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scient
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Chemistry4. Genetics Citation Index
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MathematicsPhysics2. Seyfert, Carl
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Chicago. He is the author of Style:
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of abbreviations list, 389in biblio
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See also figuresBC, 328, 339BCE, 32
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visual and performing arts, sources
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URLs, 177of words derived from pers
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working hypothesis as, 50-51See als
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headline-style capitalization and,
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of journal articles, citation of in
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drama. See plays; theater, citation
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eference list-style citation of, 25
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highlights in, 86-87inserted into f
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front matter, 377-391; abstract, 39
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See also figures; graphicsgrouped b
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methods of research illustrated on,
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as topic source, 14, 17journal writ
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magazinesbibliography-style citatio
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newspapersabbreviation of, 336-337a
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lists and, 329-330with names, 323-3
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multivolume dissertation, 375-376te
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in figure captions, 370function of,
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slash separating lines of, 350posse
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in glossary, 390line breaks and hyp
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from foreign language, 312integrati
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purpose of, 221specific requirement
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esearch method page, 390Reverend, u
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sentencesquoted material ending in,
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See also literature review; note-ta
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hard copy submission, 407-408prepar
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3-em dash, 148-149, 304timeabbrevia
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See also questions, researchtransit
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as primary sources, 25reference lis
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www.itpub.net
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