A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

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them in your bibliography, although you may choose to include a specific act that is criticalto your argument or frequently cited. Identify acts by title (in roman type, not enclosed inquotation marks), date, and chapter number (c. for chapter; arabic numeral for nationalnumber, lowercase roman for local). Acts from before 1963 are cited by regnal year andmonarch's name (abbreviated) and ordinal (arabic numeral).N: 8. Act of Settlement, 1701, 12 & 13 Will. 3, c. 2.15. Consolidated Fund Act, 1963, c. 1.16. Manchester Corporation Act, 1967, c. xl.There are many compilations of British historical records, some of them transcriptions ofthe documents preserved in the Public Record Office. In notes, use abbreviations forfrequently cited items.N: 19. Rot. parl., vol. 2 (1341) (n.p., n.d.).B: United Kingdom. Acts of the Privy Council of England. Edited by J. R. Dasent. 32 vols. London,1890–1907.United Kingdom. Rotuli parliamentorum . . . (1278–1504). 6 vols. N.p., n.d.United Kingdom. Statutes of the Realm. Edited by A. Luders and others. 11 vols. London, 1810–28.17.9.11 Publications of International BodiesIf you cite documents of international bodies such as the United Nations, identify theauthorizing body (and the author or editor where appropriate), the topic or title of thedocument, and the date. Also include series and publication numbers, place of publication,and a page reference. You may use abbreviations in both notes and bibliography entries formajor bodies (UN for United Nations, WTO for World Trade Organization, and so forth)where the reference is clear.N: 1. League of Nations, Position of Women of Russian Origin in the Far East, ser. LoNP (Geneva, 1935),IV.3.3. UN General Assembly, Ninth Session, Official Records, Supplement 19, Special United Nations Fundfor Economic Development: Final Report, prepared by Raymond Scheyven in pursuance of UN GeneralAssembly Resolution 724B (VIII), A/2728, 1954.B: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral TradeNegotiations: The Legal Texts. Geneva: GATT Secretariat, 1994.World Trade Organization. International Trade: Trends and Statistics. Geneva: WTO, 1995.17.9.12 Unpublished Government DocumentsIf you cite unpublished government documents, follow the patterns described in 17.6.4.Most unpublished documents of the U.S. government are housed in the National Archives(NA) in Washington, DC, or in one of its branches. Cite them all, including films,www.itpub.net
photographs, and sound recordings as well as written materials, by record group (RG)number.The comparable institution for unpublished Canadian government documents is theNational Archives of Canada (NAC), in Ottawa, Ontario. The United Kingdom has a numberof depositories of unpublished government documents, most notably the Public Record Office(PRO) and the British Library (BL), both in London.17.9.13 Online Public DocumentsTo cite online public documents, follow the relevant examples presented elsewhere in 17.9. Inaddition, include the URL and the date you accessed the material (see 15.4.1). Note that aURL alone is not sufficient; you must provide the full facts of publication, as far as they canbe determined, so that a reader can search for the source if the URL changes. If page numbersare not available, you may identify the location of a cited passage in a note by adding adescriptive locator (such as a preceding subheading) following the word under before theURL and access date.N: 39. U.S. Bureau of the Census, “Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States,2004,” under “Ratio of Income to Poverty Level,” http://www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/p60–229.pdf(accessed December 19, 2005).B: U.S. Bureau of the Census. “Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States,2004.” http://www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/p60–229.pdf (accessed December 19, 2005).17.10 One Source Quoted in AnotherResponsible researchers avoid repeating quotations that they have not actually seen in theoriginal. If one source includes a useful quotation from another source, readers expect you toobtain the original to verify not only that the quotation is accurate, but also that it fairlyrepresents what the original meant.If the original source is unavailable, however, cite it as “quoted in” the secondary source inyour note. For the bibliography entry, adapt the “quoted in” format as needed.N: 8. Louis Zukofsky, “Sincerity and Objectification,” Poetry 37 (February 1931): 269, quoted in BonnieCostello, Marianne Moore: Imaginary Possessions (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981), 78.B: Zukofsky, Louis. “Sincerity and Objectification.” Poetry 37 (February 1931): 269. Quoted in BonnieCostello, Marianne Moore: Imaginary Possessions. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981.The same situation may arise with a quotation you find in a secondary source drawn from aprimary source (see 3.1.1). Often, you will not be able to consult the primary source,especially if it is in an unpublished manuscript collection. In this case, follow the principlesoutlined above.18 Parenthetical Citations–Reference List
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A Manual for Writers of Research Pa
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Indexing BooksNancy C. MulvanyGetti
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Part I Research and Writing: From P
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15 General Introduction to Citation
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Appendix: Paper Format and Submissi
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that have emerged since 2003 and th
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We first discuss the aims of resear
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You may think your report will add
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1.2 Three Kinds of Questions That R
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That impulse is understandable. But
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You might even post those five goal
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knowledge:masks in religious ceremo
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9. Look for questions that other re
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esearch. You can, of course, look f
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If you can think of only one or two
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3.3.2 Skim the Internet3.3.3 Talk t
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understand what you think until you
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translator(s)What data identify the
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(Bibliographic Index is a bibliogra
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Skim bibliographies of recent books
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influential a source is by how ofte
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4.5 Review Your Progress4.5.1 Searc
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PART-WHOLE CONTRADICTIONS. You can
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label the places (see fig. 4.1, wit
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major reasons, and so on). Highligh
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two, and if you take notes on a com
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4.6 Manage Moments of Normal PanicT
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good research report, readers hear
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think your answer is significant, i
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differently, you must acknowledge a
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Around here, when it's a warm night
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To accept that claim, readers must
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5.6 Assemble an ArgumentHere is a s
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6.2.6).6.2 Create a Plan That Meets
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2. Rephrase your question as a lack
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You can follow the same procedure t
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its end expressing its point. That
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7.10 Guard against Inappropriate As
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y their lack of original thinking.
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Now might I do it [kill him] pat, n
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As one invention begets another one
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2. What help must you acknowledge i
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families were headed by a single mo
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A.3.1 on creating and inserting tab
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1. Include only relevant data. If y
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BAR CHARTS. Bar charts communicate
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Figure 8.7 shows how a stacked bar
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that states the claim you want the
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www.itpub.net
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9.2 Make Sure the Body of Your Repo
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Of each section, ask What question
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give them a framework for understan
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you just surveyed:Ever since Girola
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Be sure to include in these openers
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11.5 Give It Up and Print It OutYou
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principal demonstrates that she is
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squeezed into so little volume chan
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Most instructors and editors do agr
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problem is the ones you are sure of
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comments so that you can do better
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13.1.2 Understand the Difference be
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of us do), you can then skip to the
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want to listen to them. Your aims a
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15.2.2 Information Required in Cita
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journal, collection, or series it a
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deciding how much change counts as
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You can assemble your bibliography
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information about the source (autho
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3. Author(s) Plus Editor or Transla
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16.1.3 CapitalizationCapitalize mos
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university may specify that you sho
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You may choose to include in your b
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16.3.5 Complex NotesCITATIONS. If y
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full note.N: 5. Jan H. Kalicki and
Page 150 and 151: number of a reference is the same a
Page 152 and 153: 17.1.2 Title17.1.3 Edition17.1.4 Vo
Page 154 and 155: 17.7 Informally Published Electroni
Page 156 and 157: 17.1 BooksBooks reflect a wider ran
Page 158 and 159: 4. Timothy E. Fulop and Albert J. R
Page 160 and 161: Many Spanish last names are compoun
Page 162 and 163: B: Aaron, Henry. Why Is Welfare So
Page 164 and 165: B: Pelikan, Jaroslav. Christian Doc
Page 166 and 167: Cambridge, MA: MIT PressChapel Hill
Page 168 and 169: illustration number.N: 50. Richard
Page 170 and 171: N: 3. Anne Carr and Douglas J. Schu
Page 172 and 173: download or other delivery from a b
Page 174 and 175: B: Jenkins, J. Craig, David Jacobs,
Page 176 and 177: B: Schapiro, Mark. “New Power for
Page 178 and 179: Articles published online. For onli
Page 180 and 181: parenthetical notes (see 16.4.3). Y
Page 182 and 183: N: 34. Hazel V. Clark, Mesopotamia:
Page 184 and 185: 17.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
Page 186 and 187: Locating information. Although some
Page 188 and 189: consistently, and adapt the general
Page 190 and 191: For video recordings, see 17.8.5; f
Page 192 and 193: with Harry N. Abrams, 1998. Publish
Page 194 and 195: note.N: 4. Senator Kennedy of Massa
Page 196 and 197: Executive departments, bureaus, and
Page 198 and 199: Lower federal courts. For lower fed
Page 202 and 203: Style: The Basic Form18.1 Basic Pat
Page 204 and 205: In reference list entries, separate
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Page 208 and 209: If your reference list includes two
Page 210 and 211: 18.3.1 Placement in TextWhenever yo
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Page 214 and 215: 19.5.8 CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs19.5.9 On
Page 216 and 217: This chapter provides detailed info
Page 218 and 219: (Menchú 1999, 50-51)(Adorno and Be
Page 220 and 221: Van Rensselaer, StephenMedici, Lore
Page 222 and 223: Dates. Use a comma to set off dates
Page 224 and 225: When you cite an edition other than
Page 226 and 227: Some numbered series have existed f
Page 228 and 229: SPECIAL TYPES OF LOCATORS. Some par
Page 230 and 231: Calhoun, Craig. 2005. Foreword to M
Page 232 and 233: 19.2.1 Author's NameGive authors' n
Page 234 and 235: For a reference list entry, give th
Page 236 and 237: the magazine in place of the author
Page 238 and 239: 15.4.1). Note that a URL alone is n
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Page 242 and 243: In your reference list, cite works
Page 244 and 245: 19.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
Page 246 and 247: followed by to and the name of the
Page 248 and 249: enclosed in quotation marks. Use he
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P: (Federal Express, “Caveman”
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If your paper is in literary studie
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R: U.S. Congress. Congressional Rec
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U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1975. Me
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language, provide the page number a
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United Kingdom. n.d. Rotuli parliam
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20.3 Compounds and Words Formed wit
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ABBREVIATIONS. Form plurals of abbr
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the role of the United Statesinstea
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foodbornechildlikeworldwideExceptio
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French Canadian explorerMiddle East
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when the prefix precedes a compound
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Abbreviations. Do not break abbrevi
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Special elements such as abbreviati
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Do not use commas when all the elem
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commas when such elements do not br
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If the included question is at the
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21.8.2 BracketsBrackets are most of
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We have noted similar motifs in Jap
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Chiang Kai-shekthe Honda Motor Comp
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treaties, government programs, and
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22.2.2 Words Defined as TermsTo emp
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given with an initial capital only.
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Web sites referred to generally (MS
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so, be consistent.If you are writin
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ROUND NUMBERS. Spell out a round nu
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23.1.6 Names with NumbersSome types
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In most numbers of four or more dig
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The research was conducted over sev
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do not, reconsider the structure of
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disciplines. If you are writing a p
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24.2.1 Personal NamesIn general, do
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24.2.3 Academic DegreesYou may use
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She was ineligible for the presiden
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24.4 Time and Dates24.4.1 TimeYou m
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Depending on the context, you may e
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24.6.3 New TestamentNote that the a
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parenthetical statements in the tex
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25.3.1 Permissible Changes25.3.2 Om
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The same placement options apply to
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R. ROISTER DOISTER. Except I have h
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INSERTIONS. If you need to insert a
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If you omit material between senten
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sometimes used interchangeably with
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Sources: Data from Richard H. Adams
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This grid of columns (vertical) and
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26.2.5 The StubThe leftmost column
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designate notes with asterisks, bot
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sentences. Such captions are also c
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hand) before submitting it. Softwar
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Many departments and universities h
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www.itpub.net
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www.itpub.net
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TITLE PAGE. Class papers should beg
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—New York Sun, February 13, 1917E
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class paper) includes many foreign
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www.itpub.net
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CHAPTERS. Most theses and dissertat
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that appear together without interv
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Examples of such material would be
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A.3 Submission RequirementsA.3.1 Pr
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Keep a table that cannot be present
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multimedia files.BibliographyThere
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The Booklist. Chicago: American Lib
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1. Bowman, John S., ed. The Cambrid
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Visual Representation of Data (Tabl
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4. Walford, Albert J., Anthony Chal
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University Press, 2004.2. Ward, Sir
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3. Øyen, Else, ed. Comparative Met
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http://www netlibrary.com.2. Warner
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EducationGeography4. Journal of Eco
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5. Garner, Bryan A. The Elements of
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Sociology3. Kennedy, J. Library Res
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1. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scient
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Chemistry4. Genetics Citation Index
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MathematicsPhysics2. Seyfert, Carl
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Chicago. He is the author of Style:
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of abbreviations list, 389in biblio
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See also figuresBC, 328, 339BCE, 32
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visual and performing arts, sources
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URLs, 177of words derived from pers
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working hypothesis as, 50-51See als
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headline-style capitalization and,
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of journal articles, citation of in
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drama. See plays; theater, citation
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eference list-style citation of, 25
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highlights in, 86-87inserted into f
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front matter, 377-391; abstract, 39
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See also figures; graphicsgrouped b
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methods of research illustrated on,
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as topic source, 14, 17journal writ
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magazinesbibliography-style citatio
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newspapersabbreviation of, 336-337a
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lists and, 329-330with names, 323-3
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multivolume dissertation, 375-376te
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in figure captions, 370function of,
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slash separating lines of, 350posse
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in glossary, 390line breaks and hyp
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from foreign language, 312integrati
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purpose of, 221specific requirement
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esearch method page, 390Reverend, u
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sentencesquoted material ending in,
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See also literature review; note-ta
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hard copy submission, 407-408prepar
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3-em dash, 148-149, 304timeabbrevia
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See also questions, researchtransit
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as primary sources, 25reference lis
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www.itpub.net
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