A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

In most numbers of four or more digits, set off thousands, hundreds of thousands, millions,and so on with commas. In the sciences, commas are often omitted from four-digit numbers.1,50012,275,5001,475,525,000Do not use a comma within a four-digit year; do use one for years with five or more digits(see also 23.3).200710,000 BCDo not use a comma in four-digit page numbers, street addresses, telephone or faxnumbers, zip codes, decimal fractions of less than one, or organization names.page 10120.1911 centimetersCommittee of 100023.2.3 Other Punctuation within NumbersNumbers sometimes include other internal punctuation. For periods (decimals), see 23.1.3 and23.1.4; for colons, see 23.1.5; for hyphens, see 23.1.1 and 23.1.3; for dashes, see 23.2.4.23.2.4 Inclusive NumbersTo express a range of numbers, such as pages or years, give the first and last (or inclusive)numbers of the sequence. If the numbers are spelled out, express the range with the wordsfrom and to; if they are expressed in numerals, use either these words or a connecting hyphenwith no space on either side. In some settings, such as citations, always use hyphens (seechapters 16–19). Do not combine words and hyphens in expressing inclusive numbers.from 45 to 50but notfrom 45–5045–50but notforty-five–fiftyFor inclusive numbers of one hundred or greater, you may either use full numbers on eitherside of a hyphen (245–280, or 1929–1994) or abbreviate the second number. Table 23.2shows one system of abbreviation.This system works well for both page numbers and years, which include commas only afterthey reach five digits, which rarely happens (see 23.2.2). For numbers that include one ormore commas, repeat numerals to the right of the commas as necessary for clarity. Neverabbreviate roman numerals (see table 23.1).6,000–6,018www.itpub.net