A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

After seven years of war came sixty-four years of peace.The population of the three states was approximately twelve million.He catalogued more than 527 works of art.Within fifteen minutes the temperature dropped twenty degrees.If your topic relies heavily on numerical data, follow a different rule: spell out only singledigitnumbers and use numerals for all others.This study of 14 electoral districts over seven years included 142 participants.He hit the wall at 65 miles per hour, leaving skid marks for nine feet.In the sciences, your general rule may be to use numerals for all numbers, except when theybegin a sentence (see 23.1.2). You may also use abbreviations for quantities (see 24.5).The mean weight proved to be 7 g, far less than predicted.With any of these rules, use the same principles for ordinal numbers (first, second, etc.) thatyou use for standard ones. Add st, nd, rd, or th as appropriate.On the 122nd and 123rd days of his trip, he received his eighteenth and nineteenth letters from home.23.1.2 Special CasesIn a few common situations, the general rule discussed in 23.1.1 requires modification.INITIAL NUMBERS. Never begin a sentence with a numeral. Either spell out the number orrecast the sentence, especially when there are other numerals of a similar type in the sentence.Two hundred fifty soldiers in the unit escaped injury; 175 sustained minor injuries.or, better,Of the soldiers in the unit, 250 escaped injury and 175 sustained minor injuries.When spelling out numbers over one hundred, omit the word and within the term (not twohundred and fifty).SERIES OF NUMBERS. Ignore the general rule when you have a series of numbers in the samesentence that are above and below the threshold, especially when those numbers are beingcompared. In these examples, all are expressed in numerals.Of the group surveyed, 78 students had studied French and 142 had studied Spanish for three years or more.We analyzed 62 cases; of these, 59 had occurred in adults and 3 in children.If you are discussing two sets of items in close proximity, ignore the general rule and, forclarity, spell out all numbers in one set and use numerals for all numbers in the other.Within the program, 9 children showed some improvement after six months and 37 showed significantimprovement after eighteen months.