A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

INSERTIONS. If you need to insert a word or more of explanation, clarification, or correctioninto a quotation, enclose the insertion in brackets. If you find yourself making many suchinsertions, consider paraphrasing or weaving smaller quotations into your text instead.As she observes, “These masters [Picasso, Braque, Matisse] rebelled against academic training.”She observes that Picasso, Braque, and Matisse “rebelled against academic training.”NOTES. If you quote a passage that includes a superscript note number but do not quote thenote itself, you may omit the note number.25.3.2 OmissionsIf you omit words, phrases, sentences, or even paragraphs in a quotation because they areirrelevant, do not change or misrepresent the meaning of the original quotation. Not only mustyou preserve words that might change the entire meaning of the quotation (such as not, never,or always), but you must also preserve important qualifications. The quotation shown in thefollowing example would be a misrepresentation of the author's meaning. (See also 4.2.3.)Original: The change was sure to be beneficial once the immediate troubles subsided.Yang claims, “The change was sure to be beneficial.”To indicate the omission of a word, phrase, or sentence, use ellipsis dots—three periodswith spaces between them. (Many word processors have a special character that represents anellipsis.) Since the dots stand for words omitted, they always go inside the quotation marks orblock quotation. Leave a space between the last quoted word or punctuation mark and the firstellipsis dot and another space after the last dot before the next word or punctuation mark.“We are fighting for truth; . . . for freedom . . .; and . . . for survival.”How you use ellipses in certain situations depends on your discipline. For most disciplines,follow the general method; for literary studies and other fields concerned with close analysisof texts, follow the textual studies method (see below). If you are not sure which method tofollow, consult your local guidelines or your instructor. See 25.3.1 for adjustments tocapitalization and punctuation with omissions.GENERAL METHOD. You may shorten a quotation such as the following in several differentways.Original: When a nation is wrong, it should say so and apologize to the wronged party. It should conductitself according to the standards of international diplomacy. It should also take steps to change the situation.If you omit words within a sentence, use three ellipsis dots as described above.“When a nation is wrong, it should . . . apologize to the wronged party.”If you omit material between sentences and the material preceding the omission is agrammatically complete sentence, use a terminal punctuation mark immediately followingthat sentence. Leave a space between that punctuation mark and the first ellipsis dot. Followwww.itpub.net