A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

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R: Chapter Author's Last Name, Chapter Author's First Name. Date of Publication. Title of chapter:Subtitle of chapter. In Title of book: Subtitle of book, ed. Editor's First and Last Names, YY–YY. Placeof Publication: Publisher's Name.Spirn, Anne Whiston. 1996. Constructing nature: The legacy of Frederick Law Olmsted. In Uncommonground: Rethinking the human place in nature, ed. William Cronon, 91–113. New York: W. W. Nortonand Company.P: (Chapter Author's Last Name Date of Publication, XX–XX)(Spirn 1996, 101)Journal Articles6. Journal Article in PrintR: Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Date of Publication. Title of article: Subtitle of article. Titleof Journal Volume Number (Additional Date Information): YY–YY.Nayar, Pramod K. 2005. Marvelous excesses: English travel writing and India, 1680–1727. Journal ofBritish Studies 44, no. 2 (April): 213–38.P: (Author's Last Name Date of Publication, XX–XX)(Nayar 2005, 213)For an article with multiple authors, follow the relevant pattern for authors' names in template 2.7. Journal Article OnlineR: Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Date of Publication. Title of article: Subtitle of article. Titleof Journal Volume Number (Additional Date Information). URL (accessed Date of Access).McFarland, Daniel A. 2004. Resistance as a social drama: A study of change-oriented encounters.American Journal of Sociology 109, no. 6 (May).http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJS/journal/issues/v109n6/050199/050199 html (accessed May 3,2006).P: (Author's Last Name Date of Publication)(McFarland 2004)Capitalize proper nouns in the usual way (see chapter 22). In some fields, you may useheadline-style capitalization throughout the reference list; check your local guidelines.18.1.4 Typography of TitlesTitles of larger entities (books, journals) are printed in italics; titles of smaller entities(chapters, articles) are printed in roman type and not enclosed in quotation marks. Titles ofunpublished works (such as dissertations) are printed in roman type and not enclosed inquotation marks, even if they are book length.www.itpub.net
18.1.5 NumbersIn titles, numbers are spelled out or given in numerals exactly as they are in the original. Pagenumbers that are in roman numerals in the original are presented in lowercase romannumerals. All other numbers (such as chapter numbers or figure numbers) are given in arabicnumerals, even if they are in roman numerals or spelled out in the original.18.1.6 AbbreviationsAbbreviate terms such as editor, translator, and volume (ed., trans., and vol.). The plural isusually formed by adding s (eds.) unless the abbreviation ends in an s (use trans. for bothsingular and plural). Your local guidelines may allow you to use additional abbreviations suchas Univ. for University.18.1.7 IndentationReference list entries have a hanging indentation: the first line is flush left and all followinglines are indented the same space as paragraphs. Parenthetical citations are placed within thetext and are not indented.18.2 Reference ListsIn papers that use parenthetical citations–reference list style, the reference list presents fullbibliographical information for all the sources cited in parenthetical citations (other than a fewspecial types of sources; see 18.2.2). You may also include works that were important to yourthinking but that you did not specifically mention in the text. In addition to providingbibliographical information, reference lists show readers the extent of your research and itsrelationship to prior work, and they help readers use your sources in their own research. If youuse this citation style, you must include a reference list in your paper.Label the list References. See figure A.16 in the appendix for a sample page of a referencelist.18.2.1 Arrangement of EntriesALPHABETICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL BY AUTHOR. A reference list is normally a singlelist of all sources arranged alphabetically by the last name of the author, editor, or whoever isfirst in each entry. (For alphabetizing foreign names, compound names, and other specialcases, see 19.1.1.) Most word processors provide an alphabetical sorting function; if you useit, be sure each entry is followed by a hard return. If you are writing a thesis or dissertation,your department or university may specify that you should alphabetize the entries letter byletter or word by word; see 18.56–59 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition (2003), foran explanation of these two systems.
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A Manual for Writers of Research Pa
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Indexing BooksNancy C. MulvanyGetti
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Part I Research and Writing: From P
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15 General Introduction to Citation
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Appendix: Paper Format and Submissi
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that have emerged since 2003 and th
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We first discuss the aims of resear
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You may think your report will add
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1.2 Three Kinds of Questions That R
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That impulse is understandable. But
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You might even post those five goal
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knowledge:masks in religious ceremo
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9. Look for questions that other re
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esearch. You can, of course, look f
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If you can think of only one or two
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3.3.2 Skim the Internet3.3.3 Talk t
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understand what you think until you
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translator(s)What data identify the
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(Bibliographic Index is a bibliogra
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Skim bibliographies of recent books
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influential a source is by how ofte
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4.5 Review Your Progress4.5.1 Searc
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PART-WHOLE CONTRADICTIONS. You can
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label the places (see fig. 4.1, wit
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major reasons, and so on). Highligh
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two, and if you take notes on a com
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4.6 Manage Moments of Normal PanicT
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good research report, readers hear
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think your answer is significant, i
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differently, you must acknowledge a
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Around here, when it's a warm night
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To accept that claim, readers must
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5.6 Assemble an ArgumentHere is a s
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6.2.6).6.2 Create a Plan That Meets
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2. Rephrase your question as a lack
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You can follow the same procedure t
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its end expressing its point. That
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7.10 Guard against Inappropriate As
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y their lack of original thinking.
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Now might I do it [kill him] pat, n
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As one invention begets another one
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2. What help must you acknowledge i
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families were headed by a single mo
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A.3.1 on creating and inserting tab
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1. Include only relevant data. If y
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BAR CHARTS. Bar charts communicate
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Figure 8.7 shows how a stacked bar
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that states the claim you want the
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www.itpub.net
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9.2 Make Sure the Body of Your Repo
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Of each section, ask What question
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give them a framework for understan
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you just surveyed:Ever since Girola
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Be sure to include in these openers
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11.5 Give It Up and Print It OutYou
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principal demonstrates that she is
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squeezed into so little volume chan
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Most instructors and editors do agr
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problem is the ones you are sure of
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comments so that you can do better
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13.1.2 Understand the Difference be
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of us do), you can then skip to the
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want to listen to them. Your aims a
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15.2.2 Information Required in Cita
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journal, collection, or series it a
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deciding how much change counts as
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You can assemble your bibliography
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information about the source (autho
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3. Author(s) Plus Editor or Transla
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16.1.3 CapitalizationCapitalize mos
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university may specify that you sho
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You may choose to include in your b
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16.3.5 Complex NotesCITATIONS. If y
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full note.N: 5. Jan H. Kalicki and
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number of a reference is the same a
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17.1.2 Title17.1.3 Edition17.1.4 Vo
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17.7 Informally Published Electroni
Page 156 and 157: 17.1 BooksBooks reflect a wider ran
Page 158 and 159: 4. Timothy E. Fulop and Albert J. R
Page 160 and 161: Many Spanish last names are compoun
Page 162 and 163: B: Aaron, Henry. Why Is Welfare So
Page 164 and 165: B: Pelikan, Jaroslav. Christian Doc
Page 166 and 167: Cambridge, MA: MIT PressChapel Hill
Page 168 and 169: illustration number.N: 50. Richard
Page 170 and 171: N: 3. Anne Carr and Douglas J. Schu
Page 172 and 173: download or other delivery from a b
Page 174 and 175: B: Jenkins, J. Craig, David Jacobs,
Page 176 and 177: B: Schapiro, Mark. “New Power for
Page 178 and 179: Articles published online. For onli
Page 180 and 181: parenthetical notes (see 16.4.3). Y
Page 182 and 183: N: 34. Hazel V. Clark, Mesopotamia:
Page 184 and 185: 17.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
Page 186 and 187: Locating information. Although some
Page 188 and 189: consistently, and adapt the general
Page 190 and 191: For video recordings, see 17.8.5; f
Page 192 and 193: with Harry N. Abrams, 1998. Publish
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Page 198 and 199: Lower federal courts. For lower fed
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Page 202 and 203: Style: The Basic Form18.1 Basic Pat
Page 204 and 205: In reference list entries, separate
Page 208 and 209: If your reference list includes two
Page 210 and 211: 18.3.1 Placement in TextWhenever yo
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Page 214 and 215: 19.5.8 CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs19.5.9 On
Page 216 and 217: This chapter provides detailed info
Page 218 and 219: (Menchú 1999, 50-51)(Adorno and Be
Page 220 and 221: Van Rensselaer, StephenMedici, Lore
Page 222 and 223: Dates. Use a comma to set off dates
Page 224 and 225: When you cite an edition other than
Page 226 and 227: Some numbered series have existed f
Page 228 and 229: SPECIAL TYPES OF LOCATORS. Some par
Page 230 and 231: Calhoun, Craig. 2005. Foreword to M
Page 232 and 233: 19.2.1 Author's NameGive authors' n
Page 234 and 235: For a reference list entry, give th
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Page 238 and 239: 15.4.1). Note that a URL alone is n
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Page 242 and 243: In your reference list, cite works
Page 244 and 245: 19.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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Page 248 and 249: enclosed in quotation marks. Use he
Page 250 and 251: P: (Federal Express, “Caveman”
Page 252 and 253: If your paper is in literary studie
Page 254 and 255: R: U.S. Congress. Congressional Rec
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U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1975. Me
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language, provide the page number a
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United Kingdom. n.d. Rotuli parliam
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20.3 Compounds and Words Formed wit
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ABBREVIATIONS. Form plurals of abbr
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the role of the United Statesinstea
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foodbornechildlikeworldwideExceptio
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French Canadian explorerMiddle East
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when the prefix precedes a compound
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Abbreviations. Do not break abbrevi
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Special elements such as abbreviati
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Do not use commas when all the elem
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commas when such elements do not br
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If the included question is at the
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21.8.2 BracketsBrackets are most of
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We have noted similar motifs in Jap
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Chiang Kai-shekthe Honda Motor Comp
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treaties, government programs, and
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22.2.2 Words Defined as TermsTo emp
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given with an initial capital only.
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Web sites referred to generally (MS
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so, be consistent.If you are writin
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ROUND NUMBERS. Spell out a round nu
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23.1.6 Names with NumbersSome types
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In most numbers of four or more dig
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The research was conducted over sev
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do not, reconsider the structure of
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disciplines. If you are writing a p
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24.2.1 Personal NamesIn general, do
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24.2.3 Academic DegreesYou may use
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She was ineligible for the presiden
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24.4 Time and Dates24.4.1 TimeYou m
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Depending on the context, you may e
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24.6.3 New TestamentNote that the a
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parenthetical statements in the tex
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25.3.1 Permissible Changes25.3.2 Om
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The same placement options apply to
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R. ROISTER DOISTER. Except I have h
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INSERTIONS. If you need to insert a
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If you omit material between senten
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sometimes used interchangeably with
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Sources: Data from Richard H. Adams
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This grid of columns (vertical) and
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26.2.5 The StubThe leftmost column
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designate notes with asterisks, bot
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sentences. Such captions are also c
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hand) before submitting it. Softwar
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Many departments and universities h
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www.itpub.net
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www.itpub.net
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TITLE PAGE. Class papers should beg
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—New York Sun, February 13, 1917E
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class paper) includes many foreign
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www.itpub.net
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CHAPTERS. Most theses and dissertat
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that appear together without interv
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Examples of such material would be
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A.3 Submission RequirementsA.3.1 Pr
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Keep a table that cannot be present
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multimedia files.BibliographyThere
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The Booklist. Chicago: American Lib
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1. Bowman, John S., ed. The Cambrid
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Visual Representation of Data (Tabl
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4. Walford, Albert J., Anthony Chal
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University Press, 2004.2. Ward, Sir
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3. Øyen, Else, ed. Comparative Met
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http://www netlibrary.com.2. Warner
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EducationGeography4. Journal of Eco
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5. Garner, Bryan A. The Elements of
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Sociology3. Kennedy, J. Library Res
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1. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scient
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Chemistry4. Genetics Citation Index
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MathematicsPhysics2. Seyfert, Carl
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Chicago. He is the author of Style:
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of abbreviations list, 389in biblio
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See also figuresBC, 328, 339BCE, 32
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visual and performing arts, sources
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URLs, 177of words derived from pers
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working hypothesis as, 50-51See als
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headline-style capitalization and,
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of journal articles, citation of in
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drama. See plays; theater, citation
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eference list-style citation of, 25
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highlights in, 86-87inserted into f
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front matter, 377-391; abstract, 39
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See also figures; graphicsgrouped b
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methods of research illustrated on,
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as topic source, 14, 17journal writ
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magazinesbibliography-style citatio
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newspapersabbreviation of, 336-337a
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lists and, 329-330with names, 323-3
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multivolume dissertation, 375-376te
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in figure captions, 370function of,
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slash separating lines of, 350posse
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in glossary, 390line breaks and hyp
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from foreign language, 312integrati
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purpose of, 221specific requirement
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esearch method page, 390Reverend, u
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sentencesquoted material ending in,
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See also literature review; note-ta
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hard copy submission, 407-408prepar
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3-em dash, 148-149, 304timeabbrevia
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See also questions, researchtransit
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as primary sources, 25reference lis
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www.itpub.net
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