A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

that appear together without intervening text.NOTES OR PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS. If you are using bibliography-style citations withfootnotes, see 16.3 for a discussion of how to format footnotes. Figure A.10 shows a samplepage of text with footnotes.If you are using reference list–style citations, see 18.3 for a discussion of how to formatparenthetical citations. Figure A.11 shows a sample page of text with parenthetical citations.TABLES AND FIGURES. If your paper includes tables or figures, see chapter 26 for adiscussion of how to format tables, some types of figures, and figure captions, and A.3.1 forinformation about inserting these elements into your paper. Figure A.12 shows a sample pageof text with a figure positioned on it, and figure A.13 shows a sample of a table in landscapeorientation on its own page.CONCLUSION. In a thesis or dissertation (or, in some cases, a long class paper), you willprobably end with a conclusion that is long enough to treat as a separate element. If youinclude such a conclusion, label the first page Conclusion at the top of the page. Do not repeatthe title on subsequent pages of the conclusion. Leave two blank lines between the title andthe first line of text.You may also label the conclusion as the last numbered chapter of your paper if you wantto emphasize its connection to the rest of your text. If so, treat the word Conclusion as achapter title (see above, p. 397).A.2.3 Back MatterThe back matter of your paper may consist of all or some or none of the following elements.Departments and universities usually provide specific directions for the order of elements; ifthey do not, follow the order described here. Number the back matter continuously with thetext using arabic numerals.ILLUSTRATIONS. If your thesis or dissertation (or, in some cases, your class paper) includesphotographs, maps, or similar types of figures that are marginally relevant to your topic or toolarge to put in the text (see 26.1.1), make them the first element in the back matter. Othertypes of figures, such as charts and graphs, that meet these criteria should be treated as anappendix, as should tables; see below.Label the first page of the illustrations section Illustrations at the top of the page. If thissection is more than one page, do not repeat the title. For information about inserting figuresinto your paper, see A.3.1.APPENDIXES. If your thesis or dissertation (or, in some cases, your class paper) includesessential supporting material that cannot be easily worked into the body of your paper, put thematerial in one or more appendixes in the back matter. (Do not put appendixes at the ends ofchapters.)