A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

If the included question is at the end of the sentence, do not add a period after the questionmark. You are not required to capitalize the first word of the included question, but an initialcapital helps readers identify the question, especially if it includes internal punctuation. If thesentence becomes awkward, you may instead rephrase the question as a declarative statementfollowed by a period.Several legislators raised the question, Can the fund be used in an emergency, or must it remain dedicated toits original purpose?Several legislators raised the question of using the fund in an emergency, which was not its original purpose.A question mark may also indicate doubt or uncertainty, as in a date.The painter Niccolò dell'Abbate (1512?–71) assisted in the decorations at Fontainebleau.21.6 Exclamation PointExclamation points are rarely appropriate for academic writing, except where they are part ofquoted material. In this case, if an exclamation point is the terminal punctuation in a sentence,it should be followed by a single space.21.7 Hyphen and Dashes21.7.1 HyphenHyphens are used in a variety of contexts, including compound words (see 20.3) and inclusivenumbers (23.2.4).21.7.2 DashA dash is an elongated hyphen used to set off text in a way similar to but more prominent thancommas (see 21.2) or parentheses (21.8.1). Technically called an em dash (before theintroduction of computerized fonts, it was exactly the width of the capital letter m), thischaracter is available in most word processors. 1 It can be represented with two consecutivehyphens, but most word processors can be set to convert double hyphens to em dashesautomatically. Do not leave space on either side of the dash.When you use dashes to set off a parenthetical element, pair them as you would commas orparentheses. Since they are rather intrusive, however, do not use more than one pair in anyone sentence; instead, use parentheses for the second layer of parenthetical information.The influence of three impressionists—Monet (1840–1926), Sisley (1839–99), and Degas (1834–1917)—isobvious in her work.You can also use a single dash to set off an amplifying or explanatory element.It was a revival of a most potent image—the revolutionary idea.www.itpub.net